Trease and Evans' pharmacognosy

Chitosan coatings incorporated with propolis extract and Zataria multiflora Boiss oil for active packaging of chicken breast meat.

Antileishmanial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of Quercus infectoria Olivier extract.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of the EO and its major components of Ocimum basilicum var. Maria Bonita, a genetically improved cultivar, against the fluconazole sensitive and resistant strains of Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. Geraniol presented better results than the EO, with a low MIC (76 μg/mL against C. neoformans and 152 μg/mL against both Candida strains). The combination of EO, linalool, or geraniol with fluconazole enhanced their antifungal activity, especially against the resistant strain (MIC reduced to 156, 197, and 38 μg/mL, resp.). The ergosterol assay showed that subinhibitory concentrations of the substances were able to reduce the amount of sterol extracted. The substances tested were able to reduce the capsule size which suggests they have an important mechanism of action. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated cell wall destruction of C. neoformans after treatment with subinhibitory concentrations. In C. albicans ultrastructure alterations such as irregularities in the membrane, presence of vesicles, and cell wall thickening were observed. The biofilm formation was inhibited in both C. albicans strains at MIC and twice MIC. These results provide further support for the use of O. basilicum EO and its major components as a potential source of antifungal agents.

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Synergism Effect of the Essential Oil from Ocimum basilicum var. Maria Bonita and Its Major Components with Fluconazole and Its Influence on Ergosterol Biosynthesis

Epilepsy is a most disabling neurological disorder affecting all age groups. Among the various mechanisms that may result in epilepsy, neuronal hyperexcitability and oxidative injury produced by an excessive formation of free radicals may play a role in the development of this pathology. Therefore, new treatment approaches are needed to address resistant conditions that do not respond fully to current antiepileptic drugs. This paper reviews studies on the anticonvulsant activities of essential oils and their chemical constituents. Data from studies published from January 2011 to December 2018 was selected from the PubMed database for examination. The bioactivity of 19 essential oils and 16 constituents is described. Apiaceae and Lamiaceae were the most promising botanical families due to the largest number of reports about plant species from these families that produce anticonvulsant essential oils. Among the evaluated compounds, β-caryophyllene, borneol, eugenol and nerolidol were the constituents that presented antioxidant properties related to anticonvulsant action. These data show the potential of these natural products as health promoting agents and use against various types of seizure disorders. Their properties on oxidative stress may contribute to the control of this neurological condition. However, further studies on the toxicological profile and mechanism of action of essential oils are needed.

https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/9/12/835/pdf

Anticonvulsant Essential Oils and Their Relationship with Oxidative Stress in Epilepsy

Context: Natural products and their compounds are some of the most interesting sources of new drugs. Reviews have reported various pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial effects of Zataria multiflora Boiss (Lamiaceae).Objective: The present study investigates the chemical composition of Z. multiflora essential oil and evaluates its cytotoxic effects and anti-leishmanial activities against Leishmania tropica in an in vitro model.Materials and methods: The components of Z. multiflora oil were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis. Anti-leishmanial effects of the essential oil (0–100 μL/mL) and methanol extract of Z. multiflora (0–100 μg/mL) on promastigote forms as well as their cytotoxic activities against J774 cells were evaluated using MTT assay for 72 h. The leishmanicidal activity against amastigote forms of L. tropica was evaluated at the concentrations of 0–50 μg/mL in a macrophage model for 48 h.Results: The chemical analyses demonstrated that the main...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/13880209.2015.1079223

Chemical composition along with anti-leishmanial and cytotoxic activity of Zataria multiflora

Context: Natural products and their compounds are some of the most interesting sources of new
drugs. Reviews have reported various pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial effects of
Zataria multiflora Boiss (Lamiaceae).
Objective: The present study investigates the chemical composition of Z. multiflora essential oil and
evaluates its cytotoxic effects and anti-leishmanial activities against Leishmania tropica in an in vitro
model.
Materials and methods: The components of Z. multiflora oil were identified by gas chromatography/
mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis. Anti-leishmanial effects of the essential oil (0–100 mL/mL) and
methanol extract of Z. multiflora (0–100 mg/mL) on promastigote forms as well as their cytotoxic
activities against J774 cells were evaluated using MTT assay for 72 h. The leishmanicidal activity
against amastigote forms of L. tropica was evaluated at the concentrations of 0–50 mg/mL in a
macrophage model for 48 h.
Results: The chemical analyses demonstrated that the main components of essential oil were
thymol (41.81%), carvacrol (28.85%), and p-cymene (8.36%). Regarding leishmanicidal activity, the
IC50 values for the essential oil and methanol extract were 3.2 mL/mL and 9.8 mg/mL against
promastigote forms and 8.3 mL/mL and 34.6 mg/mL against amastigote forms, respectively. Essential
oil (CC50 89.3 mL/mL) indicated a higher cytotoxic effect than the methanol extract (CC50 591.6 mg/
mL) of Z. multiflora.
Conclusion: The present study revealed the chemical composition of Z. multiflora that might be a
natural source of new anti-leishmanial agents in terms of use against cutaneous leishmaniasis

Fatemeh Ezatkhah

Papers

Chemical composition along with anti-leishmanial and cytotoxic activity of Zataria multiflora

Chemical composition along with antileishmanialand cytotoxic activity of Zatariamultiflora