https://www.um.es/biomybiotec/web/Seminarios/2010/papers/Girones_1.pdf

Molecular detection of pathogens in water – The pros and cons of molecular techniques

Human pathogens are one of the major threats to global public health. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serve as city guts to receive and digest various human pathogens. Several techniques have b...

Detecting human bacterial pathogens in wastewater treatment plants by a high-throughput shotgun sequencing technique.

The great versatility of semiconductor materials and the possibility of generation of electrons, holes, hydroxyl radicals, and/or superoxide radicals have increased the applicability of photoelectrocatalysis dramatically in the contemporary world. Photoelectrocatalysis takes advantage of the heterogeneous photocatalytic process by applying a biased potential on a photoelectrode in which the catalyst is supported. This configuration allows more effectiveness of the separation of photogenerated charges due to light irradiation with energy being higher compared to that of the band gap energy of the semiconductor, which thereby leads to an increase in the lifetime of the electron-hole pairs. This work presents a compiled and critical review of photoelectrocatalysis, trends and future prospects of the technique applied in environmental protection studies, hydrogen generation, and water disinfection. Special attention will be focused on the applications of TiO2 and the production of nanometric morphologies with a great improvement in the photocatalyst properties useful for the degradation of organic pollutants, the reduction of inorganic contaminants, the conversion of CO2, microorganism inactivation, and water splitting for hydrogen generation.

/pdf/achievements-and-trends-in-photoelectrocatalysis-from-2vxijf1m27.pdf

Achievements and Trends in Photoelectrocatalysis: from Environmental to Energy Applications

This study applied 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing to analyze potentially pathogenic bacteria in activated sludge from 14 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) across four countries (China, U.S., Canada, and Singapore), plus the influent and effluent of one of the 14 WWTPs. A total of 370,870 16S rRNA gene sequences with average length of 207 bps were obtained and all of them were assigned to corresponding taxonomic ranks by using RDP classifier and MEGAN. It was found that the most abundant potentially pathogenic bacteria in the WWTPs were affiliated with the genera of Aeromonas and Clostridium. Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Clostridium perfringens were species most similar to the potentially pathogenic bacteria found in this study. Some sequences highly similar (>99%) to Corynebacterium diphtheriae were found in the influent and activated sludge samples from a saline WWTP. Overall, the percentage of the sequences closely related (>99%) to known pathogenic bacteria sequences was about 0.16% of the total sequences. Additionally, a platform-independent Java application (BAND) was developed for graphical visualization of the data of microbial abundance generated by high-throughput pyrosequencing. The approach demonstrated in this study could examine most of the potentially pathogenic bacteria simultaneously instead of one-by-one detection by other methods.

Pathogenic bacteria in sewage treatment plants as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing.

ioremediation is a remediation technology using biological systems to cope pollution problems. “Bioremediation is an ecologically sound and state-of-the-art technique that employs contaminants”(Dr. Barware All). “Bioremediation is the process of using bacteria and other biological enhancements under controlled conditions to control pollution caused by different components of gasoline and fuel oxygenates in the contaminated land and groundwater”(David Laughlin and Randy Mueller).

Florence Ducray

Papers

Behaviour of pathogenic and indicator bacteria during urban wastewater treatment and sludge composting, as revealed by quantitative PCR.