It has been proposed that the hypothalamus helps to control ageing, but the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. Here we develop several mouse models in which hypothalamic stem/progenitor cells that co-express Sox2 and Bmi1 are ablated, as we observed that ageing in mice started with a substantial loss of these hypothalamic cells. Each mouse model consistently displayed acceleration of ageing-like physiological changes or a shortened lifespan. Conversely, ageing retardation and lifespan extension were achieved in mid-aged mice that were locally implanted with healthy hypothalamic stem/progenitor cells that had been genetically engineered to survive in the ageing-related hypothalamic inflammatory microenvironment. Mechanistically, hypothalamic stem/progenitor cells contributed greatly to exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in the cerebrospinal fluid, and these exosomal miRNAs declined during ageing, whereas central treatment with healthy hypothalamic stem/progenitor cell-secreted exosomes led to the slowing of ageing. In conclusion, ageing speed is substantially controlled by hypothalamic stem cells, partially through the release of exosomal miRNAs.

Hypothalamic stem cells control ageing speed partly through exosomal miRNAs

Anatomy of the brain

Michio Kaku, the international bestselling author of Physics of the Impossible, gives us a stunning and provocative vision of the future of the mind. Recording memories, mind reading, videotaping our dreams, mind control, avatars, and telekinesis - no longer are these feats of the mind solely the province of overheated science fiction. As Michio Kaku reveals, with the latest advances in brain science and recent astonishing breakthroughs in technology, they already exist. In The Future of the Mind, the New York Times-bestselling author takes us on a stunning, provocative and exhilarating tour of the top laboratories around the world to meet the scientists who are already revolutionising the way we think about the brain - and ourselves. "Summons up the sheer wonder of science". (Daily Telegraph). "Compelling...Kaku thinks with great breadth, and the vistas he presents us are worth the trip". (New York Times Book Review). Michio Kaku is a professor of physics at the City University of New York, cofounder of string field theory, and the author of several widely acclaimed science books, including Hyperspace, Beyond Einstein, Physics of the Impossible, and Physics of the Future.

The future of the mind : the scientific quest to understand, enhance, and empower the mind

The main informational components of consciousness are described as Operative Informational System (OIS) assuring the reactive short-time adaptation and Programmed Informational System (PIS), assuring the life maintenance and the species survival, working in an integrated manner with the informed matter IM (body). The defined informational subsystems allow to describe consciousness as a sum of cognition centers defined by Ibelieve, Iknow, Iwant, Ilove, Iam, Icreate and Icreated. The cognition center Ibelieve was defined as related with the anti-entropic field of the bipolar universal matter/antimatter informational system, assisting the life structuring and health and explaining the precognition, psychokinesis, near-death experiences and other "paranormal" phenomena. PIS related activity of the cognition centers was described as the projected data in OIS by two components: (1) personal status as survival needs; (2) the info-consequences on oneself perception and action impulses perceived by Iam, Icreate and Icreated, reflecting together with Iknow, Iwant and Ilove the "normal" (regular) mind properties.

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An Information Based Model of Consciousness Fully Explaining the Mind Normal/Paranormal Properties

Near-death experiences (NDEs) are conscious perceptual experiences, including self-related emotional, spiritual, and mystical experiences, occurring in close encounters with death or in non-life-threatening situations. The origin of NDEs remains unknown. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of NDE semiology and pathophysiology. Recent prospective studies confirm that NDEs reflect a spectrum of highly distinctive memories which are associated with negative or positive emotions and can be influenced by the nature of the causal event, but the temporal sequence with which these images unfold is variable. Some drugs, notably ketamine, may lead to experiences that are similar or even identical to NDEs. New models extend previous neural network theories and include aspects of evolutionary and quantum theories. Although the factual existence of NDEs is no longer doubted and the semiology well-described, a pathophysiological model that includes all aspects of NDEs is still lacking.

Semiology and Mechanisms of Near-Death Experiences.

Following the evolution of the concept of information as one of the fundamental components of the universe and analysing the last discoveries of the quantum physics, it is defined the informational (mass free) field of the matter. On this basis and taking into account the informational nature of the mind activity, it is defined an info-creational based model monitoring the human body, associated/connected to matter/antimatter binary system of the universe, allowing to show that the near-death experiences like disembody of information from the non-living matter (brain), time retrovision back to the infancy, peace, detachment and absorbing tube, could be deduced as consequences of such a system, explaining them in its specific terms.

Quantum-Assisted Process of Disembody Under Near-Death Conditions: An Informational-Field Support Model

In this paper it is shown that the human organisms is a binary info-matter system, composed basically by information and matter. According to the Informational Model of Consciousness presented in this paper, the informational system of the human body consists in seven subsystems, where the matter-related information component increases with respect to the “free" virtual information reflected in consciousness, from the info-connection pole of the organism to the highest matter-related component, which is defined as the info-genetic generator. To understand the transition from the free-state of received/captured information to a stably matter-related genetic state, there are analyzed the intimate cellular mechanisms of the info-transmission. It is shown that the key mechanisms consists in embodiment/disembodiment processes of information during the inter and intra communication of the cells. As a communication process between a transmitter and a target receiver entity, this process can be modeled by means of, and in correlation with specific concepts and systems of the science and technology of information, referred from simple to more complex network communication structures, and is represented by epigenetic mechanisms, allowing the acquired trait transmission to the offspring generation. From the perspective of the informational model of consciousness, the human organism appears therefore as a dynamic reactive informational system, actuating in correlation with matter for adaptation, by embodiment/disembodiment processes.

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The Informational Model of Consciousness: Mechanisms of Embodiment/Disembodiment of Information

We drive our lives permanently by decisions YES/NO, and even we no longer distinguish the elementary intermediary steps of such decisions most often, they form stereotyped chains that once triggered, they run unconsciously, daily facilitating our activities. We lead our lives actually by conscious decisions, each of such decisions establishing our future trajectory. The YES/NO dipole is actually the elemental evaluation and decisional unit in the informational transmission/reception equipment and lines and in computers, respectively. Based on a binary probabilistic system, this is defined as a unit of information (Bit). We operate therefore as an informational system and we actually live in a bipolar universe, which is fundamentally informational. Indeed, the laws of nature and its equilibrium or steady state conditions are based on bipolar units with opposite characteristics, such as action/reaction, attraction/rejection, gravity/anti-gravity, matter/antimatter, entropy/anti-entropy, to enumerate just a few examples. As part of this bipolar universe, we are also bipolar entities connected to information and matter. Starting from the informational features of the human being, seven informational components are identified, forming the informational system of the human body, distinguished by their different functions, reflected at the conscious level through the center Iknow (the memory, including whole life experience), Iwant (decisions center), Iove (emotions), Iam (body status), Icreate (informational genetic transmitter), Icreated (genetic generator inherited from parents) and Ibelieve, which is the gateway to the antientropic component, favorable to maintain the life structure and functioning. Taking into account the characteristics of these centers, it is discussed the life cycle and are deduced suitable conclusions concerning an optimal, active lifestyle, that would contribute to a successful life, aging and destiny. Gerontol & Geriatric Stud Copyright © Florin Gaiseanu 401 How to cite this article: Gaiseanu F. Destiny or Free Will Decision? A Life Overview from the Perspective of an Informational Modeling of Consciousness Part I: Information, Consciousness and Life Cycle. Gerontol & Geriatric Stud .4(3). GGS.000585.2019. DOI::10.31031/GGS.2019.04.000586 Volume 4 Issue 3 these properties, but also an assessment of an extremely delicate theme, that of the existence of consciousness after death. In the Part I of this work we present the main informational components of consciousness, which we define as cognitive centers, allowing an overview of life and its evolution cycle from such a perspective. The definition and understanding of their functions allow observations and conclusions on how we can live our life optimally, accordingly to its laws and not outside of them, contributing in such manner through our decisions to a harmonious collaboration with the environment and with the society where we live in. Specifically, these conclusion are referred in the Part I especially to an optimal lifestyle for the maintenance of the mental and cognitive efficiency, while in the Part II for the follow of an equilibrated lifestyle by a personal control, necessary to assure a successful life, aging and destiny. YES/NO alternatives as an informational decisional unit Every moment of life we decide. This affirmation could seem to be exaggerated, but if we carefully analyze each of the activities that we perform daily to achieve a certain purpose, we will notice that this statement is true. Many of our behavior sequences are no longer aware, because they have become automated mechanisms. But we learned them in a past time and became automatic by a systematic repetition process. Our body is an adaptable system, always ready to learn, and probably this was and remains a key of the human evolution. New situations require a decision, always a choice between YES and NO, even if the path to the final objective requires a chain no matter as long of YES/NO elementary decisional steps. A decision we take every moment can mark the life and the trajectory that we will follow in the future. Everyday activity is actually composed by a sum of elementary YES/NO decisions, which traces our way in the life and directs us to a goal, although some of them have become undetectable at conscious level. A large part of the decisions is addressed to the body itself, in order to achieve its movements, while others act as decision elements inside of the mental operational system. But YES/NO binary alternative expresses nothing else that the information unit (Bit), as it is known for example from the computer operations. The computers work with numbers in the binary system, 0 and 1, actually functioning as switches, so 1 Bit is expressed in terms of probability in such binary systems. In the information science and technology, information is defined as a measure of the certainty, while entropy express the contrary, namely the quantity of uncertainty, or disorder. We therefore observe that we operate as intelligent, informational systems, able to capture external information by means of our senses (seeing, hearing, smelling, taste, touching) and inner information (thirst, hunger, pain and various impulses), to analyze it and to develop a decision or chain of decisions. This decision is passed to the execution organs, mainly the muscles, or is stored in the acquisition and storage system, which is the memory. We are therefore some informational systems, prepared and able to collect, process and transmit information to the inside and/or the outside of the body [6]. But we are not only the product of the environment, but also the instrument of its transformation, which can intervene on it and modify it. We are therefore dynamic reactive systems: we capture information and react by decision, changing not only the environment by direct action on it, but also our own way of thinking and thus our behavior, depending on the modification of our criteria system [7,8]. We actually live in a bipolar world, although at a first glance we are not accustomed to think in that way. But yet it seems so. It is enough to note that any “Good” has its associated “Bad”, the Good / Bad unit is constituted as a bipolar unit of two contraries, opposing each other. Indeed, we have not only relevant examples from physics, such as action/reaction, order/ disorder, entropy/anti-entropy, gravity/anti-gravity, matter/ antimatter [9,10], but also from everyday life we can easily discover them we ourselves. Many qualities or characteristics of an object or entity of any kind has its opposite. We therefore live in a world of opposite features, so in an informational world, operating as a YES/NO binary system. We accept by YES what we consider to be in accordance with our personal value scale, and classify by NOT the opposite one, rejecting it. It depends on us any choice YES or NO under some given circumstances, we are therefore our own decision-maker, the drivers of our life by our own free-will. The YES/NO unit actually ensures by its essence the balance in nature. It has recently been shown that the gravity is actually an entropic force [11], and the time arrow in an antimatter system (assimilated with dark matter [9,10], is oriented in the opposite direction to the time arrow known in the matter system [12], characteristics which we are not accustomed to operate with, but which succeed to explain the specific phenomena associated to the near-death experiences and “abnormal” or “para”-normal properties of mind such as premonition and psychokinesis [6,7]. Therefore, we have to know that even the time is bipolar, and it can be manifested in two opposite directions. Does would exist a connection between the bipolar universe we live in, and these physical properties? Do they influence or even determine our lives? Of course, YES, because we are part of this system and in correlation with it. Does nature seem to seek a balance between the bipolar contrary phenomena? YES, it looks like. And alive alike? It seems that YES, as we will explain further. The informational system of the human body and consciousness as a result of its activity The informational system of the human body according to the informational modeling [3,6,7] is represented in Figure 1. This figure reveals first of all the bipolar character of this system, connected to matter and to information. The system of components marked by white color represents the conscious level of consciousness, which we define as the Operative Information System (OIS), oriented to immediate adaptation to the environment. Its components can be defined and described as follows. (i) The Center of Acquisition and Storing of Information (CASI), dedicated to the capture and storing of information, consisting in external and internal sensors for information capture plus memory, where information is stored; this is projected into consciousness as a cognition center Iknow (which we refer for simplicity as to Ik), which actually includes all of our life experience. (ii) The Center of Decision and Command (CDC) is the operative center that takes over the information

https://crimsonpublishers.com/ggs/pdf/GGS.000586.pdf

Destiny or Free Will Decision? A Life Overview from the Perspective of an Informational Modeling of Consciousness Part I: Information, Consciousness and Life Cycle

From the perspective of the Informational Model of Consciousness elaborated and reported recently on the basis of the last discoveries of the quantum mechanics and astrophysics, the meeting horizon between some ancient coherent empirical models of the humanity and our modern scientific results is analyzed. These results are discussed in terms of information, as a central axis relating the universe, the human and inter-humanity connections, and consciousness as an informational tool for the exploration of the reality. Bringing into discussion the relevant recent discoveries of quantum mechanics (Higgs’ boson, disembodiment of information from the physical particles), and matter/information properties near the black holes, it is reinforced the concept of information as one of the fundamental constituent of matter and of our universe, showing that information is actually the base fabric of matter structures, living structures and universe. The huge quantity of dynamic information engaged in the living structures, particularly in the human organism, necessary to maintain the life’s functions and to allow the adaptation requirements, differentiates the living from non-living entities. It is shown that consciousness, human and universe cannot be really understood if it is not introduced on the panoramic scene a new player – dark matter, with more than 80% contribution from the matter total quantity. It is shown also that the Informational Model of Consciousness, consisting in an architecture of seven cognitive centers, converges with the ancient models of chakras, of etheric body and aura concepts, with dual Taoist concepts of universe and human body, contributing with answers to the “mind-body”, “nature or nurture” problems and even to Qualia “hard" problem, and supporting the Jung's concepts on the mind. Finally, some questions are addressed to the quantum mechanics, concerning the retro-causal effect and non-locality principle.

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Florin Gaiseanu

Papers

An Information Based Model of Consciousness Fully Explaining the Mind Normal/Paranormal Properties

Quantum-Assisted Process of Disembody Under Near-Death Conditions: An Informational-Field Support Model

The Informational Model of Consciousness: Mechanisms of Embodiment/Disembodiment of Information

Destiny or Free Will Decision? A Life Overview from the Perspective of an Informational Modeling of Consciousness Part I: Information, Consciousness and Life Cycle

Human/Humanity, Consciousness and Universe: Informational Relation