This review highlights various aspects of current palladium membrane research and serves as a comprehensive bibliography covering palladium membrane preparation methods and applications. There are many promising uses for palladium membranes, although widespread use of the available technologies is constrained primarily by the high cost of palladium, lack of durability due to hydrogen embrittlement, and susceptibility to fouling. Various researchers in the field are tackling these problems and fabricating thinner palladium alloy composite membranes that better withstand contaminantion and thermal cycling. What has been accomplished to address these issues and the directions presently being explored are discussed.

Innovations in palladium membrane research

Two surface samples collected from the Chryse Planitia region of Mars were heated to temperatures up to 500 degrees C, and the volatiles that they evolved were analyzed with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Only water and carbon dioxide were detected. This implies that organic compounds have not accumulated to the extent that individual components could be detected at levels of a few parts in 10(9) by weight in our samples. Proposed mechanisms for the accumulation and destruction of organic compounds are discussed in the light of this limit.

Search for organic and volatile inorganic compounds in two surface samples from the chryse planitia region of Mars.

General computer program for the computation of stability constants from absorbance data

A reaction kinetics measuring system which provides for the application of great variety of reaction initiating methods, as temperature or pressure or electrical field jump methods, mixing methods, flash photolysis method, and combinations of said methods, and for various optical detection methods, as absorption or fluorescence or scattered light or polarized light detection methods. The system features quickly and easily interchangeable optical elements in a number of optical paths, and a multitude of selectively usable measuring cells to adapt the system to the reaction initiating and detection methods used so that reliable and exactly reproducible results are obtained, which are comparable even if obtained under widely differing conditions.

Apparatus for investigating fast chemical reactions by optical detection

Mass spectrometric analysis of organic compounds, water and volatile constituents in the atmosphere and surface of Mars: The Viking Mars Lander

Apparatus suitable for receiving a sample for optimetric analysis along with a method of fabricating the apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a sample cell comprising an opaque hollow tubing. A plurality of apertures are defined in the wall of the tubing and a lens barrel which extends beyond the opposite surfaces of the wall is supported within at least one of the apertures. A glass lens is mounted in the lens barrel. A housing is provided with a first channel for receiving the sample cell and a further series of channels extending from the exterior of the housing to the sample cell apertures. A filter element is housed in each of these latter channels. These channels also slidingly receive an excitation light source or a photodetector cell to permit selective focusing thereof. A sample cell containing at least three apertures in the walls thereof can be mounted for rotation relative to a light source or photodetection means for simultaneous or alternate optimetric determination of the components of a single sample. The sample cell is fabricated by supporting a lens barrel within the aperture. A molten portion of glass is deposited in the lens barrel and cooled while in a horizontal position to form a lens having an acceptable angle of 130* to 170* at an aperture of f7 or below.

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Floyd C. Haley

Papers

Plural output optimetric sample cell and analysis system

Sample Enrichment Techniques for a Gas Chromatograph/Mass Spectrometer Analysis System