A blending apparatus for blending a first fluid stream having a first density and a second fluid stream having a second fluid density, the first density being greater than said second density, is discussed The apparatus includes a first fluid director including a plurality of baffles affixed therein to create turbulence and shear in the first fluid, a cylindrical second fluid director, a primary mixing chamber receiving the first sheared fluid from the first fluid director and receiving the second fluid from the second fluid director, wherein the first fluid and second fluid are mixed in the primary mixing chamber to form a mixed primary fluid stream, and a secondary blending chamber comprising at least one static mixer and coaxially aligned with and receiving the mixed primary fluid stream from the primary mixing chamber

Apparatus for homogenizing two or more fluids of different densities

An apparatus for blending two or more fluid streams, wherein a first fluid has a higher density than the other fluids, includes a first fluid director and at least a second fluid director providing fluid communication of a first and second fluid stream, respectively, to a primary mixing chamber. The first fluid director includes one or more baffles to disturb the first fluid stream and to direct it toward a rearward portion of the first inlet to the primary mixing chamber. A secondary blending chamber is in fluid communication with the primary chamber outlet and includes at least one, and preferably two static mixers. When two static mixers are serially retained in the secondary blending chamber, they may be skewed rotationally relative to each other such that the orifice profiles of each static mixer are not in alignment.

Apparatus and method for homogenizing two or more fluids of different densities

The invention discloses a gel fuel, which comprises liquid fuel and solid energy-containing particles dispersed in the liquid fuel The solid energy-containing particles are nano-particles modified by a surface modifier The invention also discloses a preparation method of the gel fuel

Gel fuel and preparation method

Cold solid propellant, comprises gel comprising a liquid compound comprising oxidizing or reducing liquid compounds, in a cold hardened gel, where the liquid compound is gelled by a polymeric organic gelling agent and containing a filler particle comprising reducing filler particle, when the liquid compound is oxidizer, or oxidizing filler particle, when liquid particle is reducer. Independent claims are included for: (1) a pyrotechnic charge comprises the cold solid propellant; (2) a process for preparing the cold solid propellant comprising obtaining a cold gel by introducing the liquid compound in the mixer, preferably cooled to obtain the cold liquid by stirring, introducing a polymeric organic gelling agent, which is optionally precooled, in the mixer containing the liquid compound maintained and cooled by stirring, introducing filler particle, which is optionally cooled, in the mixer containing the liquid compound and the gelling agent mixture maintained and cooled by stirring, and agitating the cold mixture containing the liquid compound, oxidizer or reducer, gelling agent and filler particle in the mixer, and hardening the cold gel by stopping the stirring with optionally cooling; and (3) a process for preparing the pyrotechnic charge comprising preparing the cold solid propellant, casting of gel and hardening of the gel in a structure.

Cold solid propellant; pyrotechnic loading; methods of obtaining same

In order to mark the point at which a projectile (10, 11) strikes a target, a container (3) that holds an agent to mark the target is incorporated into the ogive area of the projectile (10, 11). When the projectile (10, 11) strikes the target, the container (3) is broken so that the marking agent can escape through holes (2) made in the ogive (4) or the rear section. In order that the marking agent can escape in this form, an over-pressure is generated within the projectile (10, 11). This can be done by a gas cartridge (7) with a release mechanism (8) or by a plunger (9).

Target marking munition

Structurally viscous propellants (I) based on liquid or solid combustible, propellant and/or explosive materials dissolved in organic solvents contain homogeneously dispersed solid particles having a particle diameter of 1-800 nm. An Independent claim is included for a process for the production of the propellants (I) by homogeneously dispersing the solid particles in the liquid.

Gelled propellant, process for the preparation of a gelled propellant and its use

In the production of finely-dispersed crystalline propellants, explosives and/or oxidants by precipitation from solution using an anti-solvent in a nozzle system, the particle size of the crystals thus obtained is adjusted by varying the angle ( alpha ) between the channel (2) used to introduce the solution and the channel (3) used to introduce the antisolvent. - Production of finely-dispersed crystalline propellants, explosives and/or oxidants involves contacting a solvent solution of the material in a nozzle with an anti-solvent which is at least partially miscible with the solution solvent and in which the material is non- or only slightly-soluble so as to precipitate the material as fine crystals which are then separated from the solvent and/or antisolvent, the solution being introduced in at least one channel (2) of a multi- component mixing nozzle (1a, 1b) and the anti-solvent being introduced in a second channel (3) which is at a finite angle ( alpha ) to channel (2) while the precipitated crystals, together with the solvent and anti-solvent, are removed via a third channel (4) formed by the intersection of channels (2) and (3), the novel feature being that the particle size of the crystals thus obtained is adjusted by varying the angle ( alpha ).

Process for preparing finely dispersed, crystalline propellants, explosives and oxidizers

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gelformigen Treibstoffes auf der Basis von Flussigkeiten aus flussigen oder in organischen Losungsmitteln gelosten, festen Brenn-, Treib- oder Explosivstoffen vorgeschlagen. Um fur ein strukturviskoses Verhalten des Treibstoffes zu sorgen, werden hydrophobe Feststoffpartikel mit einem Partikeldurchmesser zwischen 1 und 500 nm in die Flussigkeit homogen eindispergiert, was z. B. mittels Ruhrern oder Ultraschall geschehen kann. Aufgrund der Strukturviskositat ist der Treibstoff einerseits im viskosen Zustand leicht handhabbar, andererseits last er sich durch Uberfuhren in den flussigen Zustand gut zerstauben und kontrolliert verbrennen. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner einen solchermasen hergestellten strukturviskosen Treibstoff und dessen Verwendung.

Gelförmiger Treibstoff, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung

Production of crystals from a solid having a positive solubility dissolved in a solvent, comprises cooling the solution to below its saturation temperature in a laminar shearing stream forming the solid crystal; and removing the solid crystals formed. An Independent claim is also included for a device for producing crystals comprising a cylindrical container (3) for receiving the solution with an inner part (4) arranged coaxially to form an annular chamber (7). The container and/or the inner part are temperature-controlled.

Production of crystals from a solid having a positive solubility dissolved in a solvent comprises cooling the solution to below its saturation temperature in a laminar shearing stream

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung feindisperser kristalliner Treib-, Explosivstoffe und Oxidatoren vorgeschlagen, indem der zu kristallisierende Stoff in einem Losungsmittel gelost, die Losung in einer Dusenstromung mit einem mit dem Losungsmittel der Losung zumindest teilweise mischbaren Antisolvens, in welchem der zu kristallisierende Stoff unloslich ist, in Kontakt gebracht wird, die feinen Kristalle des Stoffes dabei ausgefallt und die Kristalle anschliesend von dem Losungsmittel bzw. dem Antisolvens abgetrennt werden. Dabei werden die Losung in einen ersten Dusenkanal einer Mehrstoffduse und das Antisolvens in einen zweiten, unter einem endlichen Winkel bezuglich des ersten Dusenkanals angeordneten zweiten Dusenkanal der Mehrstoffduse eingebracht, wird die Losung innerhalb der Duse mit dem Antisolvens vermischt und werden die ausgefallten Kristalle gemeinsam mit dem Losungsmittel und dem Antisolvens uber einen im Bereich des Schnittpunktes des ersten und des zweiten Dusenkanals mundenden dritten Dusenkanal aus der Mehrstoffduse ausgebracht werden. Die Partikelgrose der erzeugten Kristalle wird durch Variation des Winkels zwischen wenigstens zwei Dusenkanalen der Mehrstoffduse eingestellt.

Foerter-Barth Ulrich

Papers

Gelled propellant, process for the preparation of a gelled propellant and its use

Process for preparing finely dispersed, crystalline propellants, explosives and oxidizers

Gelförmiger Treibstoff, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung

Production of crystals from a solid having a positive solubility dissolved in a solvent comprises cooling the solution to below its saturation temperature in a laminar shearing stream

Verfahren zur Herstellung feindisperser kristallinger Treib-, Explosivstoffe und Oxidatoren