The burner preferably exclusively burns substantially explosible solid fuels and preferably has instant ON-OFF thermostat control, wastes no energy preheating the enclosure or external air supply, achieves stable combustion the moment the powder-air mix is ignited in our burner, is used in the upward vertical mode except for oil burner retrofits, burns a solid fuel in a single-phase regime as if it were a vaporized liquid or gas, is designed to complete combustion within the burner housing itself rather than in a large, high temperature furnace enclosure which it feeds, has an ultra-short residence time requirement, is a recycle consuming burner with self-contained management of initially unburned particles, is much smaller, simpler and lower cost, has a wider dynamic range/turndown ratio, is more efficient in combustion completeness and thermal efficiency, and operates with air-fuel mix approximately at the flame speed.

Powdered fuel conversion systems and methods

This application describes powdered fuels, methods of producing powdered fuels source, and dispersions of powdered fuels, as well as systems, kits, and methods for producing and adapting combustion devices to burn powdered fuel, either as a sole fuel source or in combination with existing fuel sources. Exemplary embodiments include engines and furnaces adapted to combust powdered fuel.

Powdered fuels, dispersions thereof, and combustion devices related thereto

The invention concerns a method for preparing compounds for interaction of an active substance hardly soluble in an aqueous medium with a porous support. The invention is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: (a) mixing the active substance generated by supercritical fluid and the specific amount of porous support; (b) carrying out a molecular diffusion step by contacting in static mode a supercritical fluid with the mixture obtained at step (a) for the time required to improve the dissolution in the aqueous medium of the mixture obtained at step (a); (c) washing the interactive compound obtained at step (b) with a supercritical fluid flow; (d) recuperating the particles of the interactive compound thus formed. The invention also concerns a compound obtainable by said method.

Method for preparing a compound for interaction of active substances with a porous support using supercritical fluid

The invention relates to a method for the preparation of soluble molecular complexes, comprising one or more active substances which are poorly-soluble in an aqueous medium, included within one or more host molecules, characterised in comprising the following steps: (a) bringing one or more active substances into contact with one or more host molecules, (b) carrying out a molecular diffusion step by bringing a dense fluid into contact, under pressure, with the mixture obtained in (a), in static mode, in the presence of one or more diffusion agents and (c) recovery of the molecular complex thus formed.

Method for the preparation of molecular complexes

Methods of combustion include metering a substantially explosible powder into an oxidizing gas using a positive displacement powder dispersion device to suspend the powder in the gas and directing the powder in the gas to form a controlled stream of a moving explosible powder dispersion. In some embodiments, the method further includes igniting the dispersion with an ignition source to produce a stationary deflagrating combustion wave and sustaining combustion by continuing to meter the powder into the gas. In other embodiments, the method further includes adjusting a nozzle velocity of the dispersion to reflect properties of the dispersion to create a sustainable flame and igniting the dispersion to produce a stationary deflagrating wave of the dispersion. In other embodiments, the method further includes igniting the dispersion in a combustion area to produce a stationary deflagrating wave such that a conductive heat transfer from combustion brings the powder to combustion temperature.

Methods of combustion of powdered fuels and powdered fuel dispersions

Production of microcapsules comprises spraying drops or fine particles of a solution of the coating agent in a supercritical fluid onto <100 mu m particles of the substrate in a fluidised bed.

Method for microencapsulation of particules

A method for coating particles of solid propellants, explosives and/or oxidisers with finely-divided solid anti-caking agents, combustion modifiers and/or energy carriers involves wetting the particles with a non-volatile liquid and then applying the additive onto and/or into the liquid film thus formed. A method for coating particles of solid propellants, explosives and/or oxidisers (I) with finely-divided additive(s) (II) showing a particle size less than that of (I), especially anti-caking agents, combustion modifiers and/or energy carriers. The method involves wetting (I) with a liquid (III) which shows little or no volatility at room temperature (RT) and which wets the surface of (I) to form a moisture-proof film round the particles, and then applying the additive(s) (II) onto and/or into the liquid film. Independent claims are also included for (1) particles of (I) coated with (II) by the above method (2) particles as above (Ia) coated with (II) contained within a moisture-proof layer of hardened polymer obtained from liquid monomers, dimers, oligomers and/or polymers which are capable of wetting the surface of (I) (3) solid propellants (especially for rocket motors), solid propellant charges (especially for gas generators), explosives or propellant powders, with a polymeric (preferably energetic) binder system (optionally with a preferably energetic plasticiser) containing coated particles (Ia) as above .

Coating solid propellants, explosives or oxidisers, e.g. for rocket engines, with fine solid additives such as anti-caking agents, involves wetting the base particles with non-volatile liquid and then introducing the additive

Structurally viscous propellants (I) based on liquid or solid combustible, propellant and/or explosive materials dissolved in organic solvents contain homogeneously dispersed solid particles having a particle diameter of 1-800 nm. An Independent claim is included for a process for the production of the propellants (I) by homogeneously dispersing the solid particles in the liquid.

Gelled propellant, process for the preparation of a gelled propellant and its use

Production of additive-modified ammonium dinitramide (ADN) involves emulsifying molten ADN in a hot dispersion of the additive (I) in a non-solvent for (I) and ADN so that (I) migrates into the ADN droplets, after which the mixture is cooled and separated. A method for the production of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) particles modified with finely-divided additive particles (I), especially stabilisers, combustion modifiers and/or energy carriers, involves dispersing (I) in a matrix liquid in which both (I) and ADN are insoluble or only sparingly soluble, heating to a temperature close to or above the m.pt. (T1) of ADN, adding ADN, emulsifying it in the molten state and bringing it into contact with (I), cooling to below T1 and separating the solid ADN particles with incorporated (I) from the matrix liquid.

Process for making additives containing ammonium dinitramide

Production of particles of meltable propellant, explosive and oxidizer, especially ammonium dinitramide (ADN) comprises melting the material (I); emulsifying the melt in a matrix liquid (II), in which (I) is insoluble or hardly soluble; and cooling the emulsion below the melting point of (I), so that the dispersed drops recrystallize to solid particles.

Horst Dr. Krause

Papers

Method for microencapsulation of particules

Coating solid propellants, explosives or oxidisers, e.g. for rocket engines, with fine solid additives such as anti-caking agents, involves wetting the base particles with non-volatile liquid and then introducing the additive

Gelled propellant, process for the preparation of a gelled propellant and its use

Process for making additives containing ammonium dinitramide

Process for preparing particles of meltable propellants and explosives