ABD active disease (abdomen) 1=normal, 2=suspicious, 3=abnormal, 4=unknown ACNE acne Grade 1-5 AD history of active disease 1=normal, 2=suspicious, 3=abnormal, 4=unknown AGE age (years) AMPM_B Time blood sample drawn 1=AM 2=PM AMPM_F Time of last food intake 1=AM 2=PM APO_A1 Apo A1 mg/100ml ARM_BP1 arm used for blood pressure 1=left, 2=right, 9=unknown ARM_BP2 arm used for blood pressure 1=left, 2=right, 9=unknown ARM_BP3 arm used for blood pressure 1=left, 2=right, 9=unknown ARM_SS arm used to measure skinfold, subscapular 1=right, 2=left, 9=unknown

The Bogalusa Heart Study

Bronchoalveolar lavage is a powerful technique for sampling the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of the lower respiratory tract but also results in a significant dilution of that fluid. To quantify th...

Estimation of volume of epithelial lining fluid recovered by lavage using urea as marker of dilution.

Diagnosis of the respiratory distress syndrome by amniocentesis

Artificial surfactant therapy in hyaline-membrane disease

Tube morphogenesis: making and shaping biological tubes.

Pulmonary arterial pressure changes in human newborn infants from birth to 3 days of age.

Ten pairs of twin lambs 118--122 days of gestation were given either natural surfactant or diluent endotracheally before the first breath. By using the premature twin lamb model, we have been able to show that instillation of natural surfactant produced 100% survival for the duration of the study period (2 hr); stable blood gases on room air; lungs that became increasingly compliant while on the respirator; generally well aerated lungs at autopsy; good lung pressure-volume relationships; normal lung surface tension measurements; and histologic evidence of good alveolar expansion with large amounts of free intraluminal phospholipid, no epithelial damage, and no hyaline membranes. It is concluded that tracheal instillation of natural surfactant into the premature lamb protects the lungs from developing many features characteristic of the respiratory distress syndrome.

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Effects of tracheal instillation of natural surfactant in premature lambs. I. Clinical and autopsy findings.

The nature and origin of the fluid in the fetal lamb lung

Lung phospholipids of human fetuses and infants with and without hyaline membrane disease

Hemodynamic studies were performed through the umbilical arteries in 15 normal unanesthetized full-term newborn infants breathing air, 13% oxygen in nitrogen, and 100% oxygen. The investigation was aimed at studying the effect of changes in oxygen environment on shunts through the ductus arteriosus and on pressures in the pulmonic and systemic circuits. Left-to-right shunts disappeared with administration of 100% oxygen and recurred with 13% oxygen. This response was most pronounced during the first 3 hours but diminished noticeably or disappeared completely thereafter. During the first few hours there was a tendency for the ductus to reopen spontaneously after closure was effected with 100% oxygen. Hypoxia consistently caused a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure whereas inhalation of 100% oxygen caused a fall. The data support the concept that oxygen environment of the ductus arteriosus may be one of the factors which determines its closure.

Forrest H. Adams

Papers

Pulmonary arterial pressure changes in human newborn infants from birth to 3 days of age.

Effects of tracheal instillation of natural surfactant in premature lambs. I. Clinical and autopsy findings.

The nature and origin of the fluid in the fetal lamb lung

Lung phospholipids of human fetuses and infants with and without hyaline membrane disease

Response of ductus arteriosus and pulmonary and systemic arterial pressure to changes in oxygen environment in newborn infants.