It represents a universally applicable attitude and skill set everyone, not just computer scientists, would be eager to learn and use.

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Computational Thinking 計算論的思考

Classroom assessment techniques : a handbook for collegeteachers / Thomas A. Angelo, K. Patricia Cross

This study employed an eye-tracking technique to examine students' visual attention when solving a multiple-choice science problem. Six university students participated in a problem-solving task to predict occurrences of landslide hazards from four images representing four combinations of four factors. Participants' responses and visual attention were recorded by an eye tracker. Participants were asked to think aloud during the entire task. A 4 (options) x 4 (factors) repeated measures design, two paired t-tests and effect sizes analyses were conducted to compare the fixation duration between chosen and rejected options and between relevant and irrelevant factors. Content analyses were performed to analyze participants' responses and think aloud protocols and to examine individual's Hot Zone image. Finally, sequential analysis on fixated LookZones was further utilized to compare the scan patterns between successful and unsuccessful problem solvers. The results showed that, while solving an image-based multiple-choice science problem, students, in general, paid more attention to chosen options than rejected alternatives, and spent more time inspecting relevant factors than irrelevant ones. Additionally, successful problem solvers focused more on relevant factors, while unsuccessful problem solvers experienced difficulties in decoding the problem, in recognizing the relevant factors, and in self-regulating of concentration. Future study can be done to examine the reliability and the usability of providing adaptive instructional scaffoldings for problem solving according to students' visual attention allocations and transformations in a larger scale. Eye-tracking techniques are suggested to be used to deeply explore the cognitive process during e-learning and be applied to future online assessment systems.

Visual attention for solving multiple-choice science problem: An eye-tracking analysis

An Open Learner Model makes a machines’ representation of the learner available as an important means of support for learning. This means that a suitable interface is created for use by learners, and in some cases for others who aid their learning, including peers, parents and teachers. The chapter describes the range of purposes that Open Learner Models can serve, illustrating these with diverse examples of the ways that they have been made available in several research systems. We then discuss the closely related issues of openness and learner control and the ways that have been explored to support learning by making the learner model available to people other than the learner. This chapter provides a foundation for understanding the range of ways that Open Learner Models have already been used to support learning as well as directions yet to be explored.

Open Learner Models

Question-Answering Bulletin Boards (QABB), such as Yahoo! Answers and Windows Live QnA, are gaining popularity recently. Communications on QABB connect users, and the overall connections can be regarded as a social network. If the evolution of social networks can be predicted, it is quite useful for encouraging communications among users. This paper describes an improved method for predicting links based on weighted proximity measures of social networks. The method is based on an assumption that proximities between nodes can be estimated better by using both graph proximity measures and the weights of existing links in a social network. In order to show the effectiveness of our method, the data of Yahoo! Chiebukuro (Japanese Yahoo! Answers) are used for our experiments. The results show that our method outperforms previous approaches, especially when target social networks are sufficiently dense.

Link Prediction of Social Networks Based on Weighted Proximity Measures

This paper presents an adaptive Web testing system where the adaptation of the testing procedure relies on the performance, the prior knowledge and the goals and preferences of the test participants. The main aim of the paper is to discuss the utility of the adaptive assessment tool. Therefore, the paper presents the authoring process of a number of adaptive assessments, where the educators utilized different adaptive rules to create summative and formative assessments. The paper presents the employed adaptive rules and summarizes the key points of the pilot study.

https://research.tees.ac.uk/ws/files/6433659/110925.pdf

Creating personalized assessments based on learner knowledge and objectives in a hypermedia Web testing application

With increasingly higher numbers of non-English language web searchers the problems of efficient handling of non-English Web documents and user queries are becoming major issues for search engines. The main aim of this review paper is to make researchers aware of the existing problems in monolingual non-English Web retrieval by providing an overview of open issues. A significant number of papers are reviewed and the research issues investigated in these studies are categorized in order to identify the research questions and solutions proposed in these papers. Further research is proposed at the end of each section.

/pdf/current-research-issues-and-trends-in-non-english-web-176s31282f.pdf

Current research issues and trends in non-English Web searching

This paper presents the open learner modelling capabilities offered by an adaptive web testing tool. Adaptation decisions are based on user customizable compound rules requiring the identification of several learner characteristics which are then displayed graphically and textually to learners and educators. The open learner modelling capabilities include anonymous access to models of peers and restricted named access to friend peers. Opening the learner profiles supports learner and educator involvement in decision making so as to create a more credible learner model. The educational advantages of the open learner modelling capabilities are discussed on the basis of an evaluative study.

Analyze Me: Open Learner Model in an Adaptive Web Testing System

Searching the web is a common activity of web users. English and non-English speakers utilize international or local search engines so as to satisfy their information needs. Most of the attempts at evaluation of search engines focus on English queries and on English document collections. In this paper an evaluation methodology is presented and the capabilities of international and local web retrieval systems using Greek queries are evaluated based on this method. We aim at identifying difficulties and knowledge requirements when using a Greek supporting search engine. The importance of interface localization and the effects of standard information retrieval techniques such as case insensitivity, stopword removal and simple stemming are studied in international and local search engines. The evaluation methodology is applicable to other non-English natural languages as well.

Web retrieval systems and the Greek language: do they have an understanding?

In this paper we research the suitability of comic strip creator tools for developing teaching material. A list of criteria is formed based on the findings of previous research and on the characteristics of comics which have been used effectively in teaching in past works. The results of the evaluation of a number of comic strip creator tools are presented and two cases of developing e-comics with the use of these tools are discussed. The main finding, is that despite some limitations, the tools can be successfully utilized to create alternative and more appealing representations of the teaching materials from teachers with no specialized knowledge on painting or comic designing.

Fotis Lazarinis

Papers

Creating personalized assessments based on learner knowledge and objectives in a hypermedia Web testing application

Current research issues and trends in non-English Web searching

Analyze Me: Open Learner Model in an Adaptive Web Testing System

Web retrieval systems and the Greek language: do they have an understanding?

E-comics in teaching: Evaluating and using comic strip creator tools for educational purposes