The Amphipoda includes a large clade defined by the presence of a previously unrecognised synapomorphy, apical robust setae on the rami of uropods 1–2. We term this clade the Senticaudata subord. nov. (Latin: sentis = thorn). It includes almost all freshwater species as well as a number of marine benthic taxa, formerly part of the ‘Gammaridea’. The phylog-eny of the senticaudates was determined by cladistic analysis of morphological characters and character states. Within the suborder Senticaudata there are six infraorders: Carangoliopsida, Talitrida, Hadziida, Corophiida, Bogidiellida and Gam-marida. A classification is provided and all the senticaudate families are diagnosed. We introduce for the first time in am-phipod classification, the level parvorder between infraorder and superfamily. Four new families are described: Kairosidae; Eriopisidae; Nuuanuidae and Kergueleniolidae.

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A Phylogeny and Classification of the Senticaudata subord. nov. Crustacea: Amphipoda)

This article reports the results of a study of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) to coastal waters of Majorca (NW Mediterranean). The overall aim is to evaluate the relevance of SGD of the island and chemically characterize the components that are supplied to the coastal waters through this pathway. Although other discharge areas are identified, we particularly focus on SGD in bays and areas of increased sea water residence time where effects of the discharges are expected to be most notable.

to the Coastal Environment of a Mediterranean Island (Majorca, Spain): Ecosystem and Biogeochemical Significance

Calanoid copepods are extremely successful inhabitants of marine, brackish and freshwater plankton. Morphological data are used to arrive at a first, parsimony-based phylogeny for the calanoid copepods. Each family is represented by at least one exemplar, typically a recognised plesiomorphic species. The Epacteriscidae are sister to all other calanoid copepods - an observation that brings into question the concept of an Epacteriscoidea that includes the Ridgewayiidae. The monophyly of the Augaptiloidea, Centropagoidea, Clausocalanoidea and Pseudocyclopoidea is corroborated. The current analysis suggests there may be two major clades, one containing the Augaptiloidea, Centropagoidea and possibly the Pseudocyclopoidea and Ridgewayiidae and the other including the Megacalanidae, Calanidae/Paracalanidae, Bathypontioidea, Eucalanoidea, Ryocalanoidea, Spinocalanoidea and Clausocalanoidea. The relationshipsofthePseudocyclopidae,Boholinidae,andRidgewayiidaetotheCentropagoidea/Augaptiloideacladereceived lownodalsupport.MonophylyofanenlargedBathypontioidea(includingtheFosshageniidae)isproposed.Amonophyletic Megacalanoidea is not retrieved. The nature of the inferred ancestral Calanoida is discussed. New evolutionary series are proposed for the female genitalia (including several losses and regaining of seminal receptacles, and independent losses ofthegenitaloperculum -oncelostitisneverregained)andleg1endopod.Paedomorphosisappearstobeadominantprocess in the evolution of the Calanoida.

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Cladistic analysis of the calanoid Copepoda

Mallorca: A Mediterranean Benchmark for Quaternary Studies

Revision of basal calanoid copepod families, with a description of a new species and genus of Pseudocyclopidae

A new species of the calanoid copepod genus Stephos is described from an anchialine cave on Majorca (Balearic Islands). It occurs in sympatry with S. margalefi, another Balearic endemic differing markedly in body size as well as in the morphology of the fifth legs of both sexes. The new species is extraordinary within its family, the Stephidae, and even within the entire superfamily Clausocalanoidea in displaying a paired arrangement of the reproductive system in the female genital double‐somite. No other member of this cluster of 10 families displays such a primitive condition, all exhibiting different degrees of coalescence or reduction of the genital opercula, pores and ducts. We interpret the condition found in Stephos vivesi sp. nov. as secondary, perhaps derived by loss of the operculum concealing the paired apertures and their subsequent migration and separation on the ventral surface. We take advantage of this discovery to amend the diagnosis of S. margalefi, which was inaccurately descri...

Stephos (Copepoda: Calanoida: Stephidae) from Balearic caves (W Mediterranean)

Two new genera and species of the stygobiont gammaridean amphipod family Bogidiellidae are described from anchialine or fully marine subterranean habitats in Mediterranean and SW Pacific Islands. Fidelidiella pectinata, from a littoral cave in Lifou (Loyalty Islands), differs from any other bogidiellid known thus far by the presence on the left mandible of a modified lacinia which is hypertrophied and expanded laterally, and by the possession of a transverse row of strong rounded processes on the anterior side of the distomedial corner of the fourth segment of the maxillipedal palp. This is the most easterly record of bogidiellid amphipods in the SW Pacific. Racovella uniramea, discovered in a Mallorcan anchialine cave, is remarkable among the Bogidiellidae in exhibiting a combination of only six distal spines on the basal endite of the maxillule, and presence of coxal gills on pereopods 3–6. We place particular emphasis on the determination of segmental homologies of all limbs and on the resolution of fi...

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New genera of Bogidiellidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from SW Pacific and Mediterranean marine caves

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Francesc Gràcia

Papers

Stephos (Copepoda: Calanoida: Stephidae) from Balearic caves (W Mediterranean)

New genera of Bogidiellidae (Amphipoda: Gammaridea) from SW Pacific and Mediterranean marine caves

La Cova des Coll (Felanitx, Mallorca): espeleogènesi, geomorfologia, fauna i conservació