Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda

TL;DR: The aim of the present work was to review the main mechanisms of action of probiotics, including colonization and normalization of perturbed intestinal microbial communities in children and adults; competitive exclusion of pathogens and bacteriocin production; modulation of fecal enzymatic activities associated with the metabolization of biliary salts and inactivation of carcinogens and other xenobiotics.

TL;DR: The main characteristics, new protocols, and applications of the cell models used to study the adipogenesis in the last five years have been extensively revised and co-cultures and three-dimensional cultures are depicted given their utility to understand the connections between adipocytes and their surrounding cells in adipose tissue.

TL;DR: Probiotics and synbiotics used to treat chronic diseases appear to be potentially well tolerated, effective, and safe in patients with IBD, in both CD and UC.

TL;DR: This review critically discusses the evidence supporting the effects of NNSs, both synthetic sweeteners (acesulfame K, aspartame, cyclamate, saccharin, neotame, advantame, and sucralose) and naturalSweeteners (NSs; thaumatin, steviol glucosides, monellin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, and glycyrrhizin) and nutritive sweeteners

TL;DR: The oral intake of probiotics and synbiotics as co-adjuvants for the prevention and treatment of obesity, IRS, type 2 diabetes, T2D and NAFLD is partially supported by the data shown, however, further studies are required to understand the precise mechanism of how Probiotics and Synbiotics affect these metabolic disorders.