Multisensor data fusion in dimensional metrology

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Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Repeated Measurements.Charles S Davis. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag, 2002, pp. 415, £59.50 (HB) ISBN: 0-387-95370-1.

We used a quasi-spherical cavity as an acoustic and microwave resonator to measure the thermodynamic temperatures, T, of the triple points of equilibrium hydrogen, neon, argon and mercury and to measure the difference T − T90, in the range 7 K to 273 K. (T90 is the temperature on the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90).) In the range 7 K to 24.5 K, our preliminary values of T − T90 agree with recent results from dielectric-constant gas thermometry and achieve uncertainties that are comparable to or smaller than those achievable using the interpolating constant volume gas thermometer as currently defined on the ITS-90. In the range 90 K to 273 K, the present results for T − T90 obtained using a helium-filled, copper-walled, quasi-spherical cavity agree with earlier results obtained using argon-filled, steel-walled or aluminium-walled, spherical cavities. The agreement confirms our understanding of both acoustic and microwave cavity resonators and demonstrates that resonators function as primary thermometers spanning wide temperature ranges. The mutually consistent acoustic thermometry data from several laboratories imply that the values of (T − T90)/T90 are 5 times larger than the uncertainty of T/T90 near 150 K and near 400 K. They also imply that the derivative dT/dT90 is too large by approximately 10−4 near 273.16 K and that dT/dT90 has a discontinuity of 4 × 10−5 at 273.16 K.

/pdf/acoustic-thermometry-new-results-from-273-k-to-77-k-and-flyy4azvb7.pdf

Acoustic thermometry: new results from 273 K to 77 K and progress towards 4 K

Flow, its measurement and control in science and industry: Rodger B. Dowdell and H. W. Stoll (editors) Part I.450 plus xiv pp. Instrument society of America, Pittsburgh, 1974,£19.60

This paper presents comprehensive insights into mobile patient monitoring systems (MPMSs) from evaluation and benchmarking aspects on the basis of two critical directions. The current evaluation criteria of MPMSs based on the architectural components of MPMSs and possible solutions are discussed. This review highlights four serious issues, namely, multiple evaluation criteria, criterion importance, unmeasurable criteria and data variation, in MPMS benchmarking. Multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) analysis techniques are proposed as effective solutions to solve these issues from a methodological aspect. This methodological aspect involves a framework for benchmarking MPMSs on the basis of MCDM to rank available MPMSs and select a suitable one. The benchmarking framework is discussed in four steps. Firstly, pre-processing and identification procedures are presented. Secondly, the procedure of weight calculation based on the best-worst method (BWM) is described. Thirdly, the development of a benchmark framework by using the VIKOR method is introduced. Lastly, the proposed framework is validated.

Mobile Patient Monitoring Systems from a Benchmarking Aspect: Challenges, Open Issues and Recommended Solutions

Preface List of Contributors An Introduction to Data Modelling Principles in Metrology and Testing / Franco Pavese Probability in Metrology / Giovanni B Rossi Three Statistical Paradigms for the Assessment and Interpretation of Measurement Uncertainty / W F Guthrie, H-k Liu, A L Rukhin, B Toman, J C M Wang, and N-f Zhang Interval Computations and Interval-Related Statistical Techniques: Tools for Estimating Uncertainty of the Results of Data Processing and Indirect Measurements / Vladik Kreinovich Parameter Estimation Based on Least Squares Methods / Alistair B Forbes Frequency and Time-Frequency Domain Analysis Tools in Measurement / P M Ramos, R C Martins, S Rapuano, and P Daponte Data Fusion, Decision-Making, and Risk Analysis: Mathematical Tools and Techniques / P S Girao, O Postolache, and J M D Pereira Comparing Results of Chemical Measurements: Some Basic Questions From Practice / Paul De Bievre Modelling of Measurements, System Theory, and Uncertainty Evaluation / Klaus-D Sommer Approaches to Data Assessment and Uncertainty Estimation in Testing / Wolfram Bremser and Werner Hasselbarth Monte Carlo Modelling of Randomness / Alan G Steele and Robert J Douglas Software Validation and Preventive Software Quality Assurance for Metrology / Norbert Greif and Dieter Richter Virtual Instrumentation / O Postolache, P S Girao, and J M D Pereira Internet-Enabled Metrology / Tanasko Tasic Appendix: DVD Content Index

Data modeling for metrology and testing in measurement science

This volume contains original, refereed contributions by researchers from institutions and laboratories across the world that are involved in metrology and testing. They were adapted from presentations made at the eleventh edition of the Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tools in Metrology and Testing conference held at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, in September 2017, organized by IMEKO Technical Committee 21, the National Physical Laboratory, UK, and the University of Strathclyde. The papers present new modeling approaches, algorithms and computational methods for analyzing data from metrology systems and for evaluation of the measurement uncertainty, and describe their applications in a wide range of measurement areas.This volume is useful to all researchers, engineers and practitioners who need to characterize the capabilities of measurement systems and evaluate measurement data. Through the papers written by experts working in leading institutions, it covers the latest computational approaches and describes applications to current measurement challenges in engineering, environment and life sciences.

Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tools in Metrology and Testing XI

Several studies highlight the need for appropriate statistical and probabilistic tools to analyse the data provided by the participants in an interlaboratory comparison. In some temperature comparisons, where the measurand is a physical state, independent realizations of the same physical state are acquired in each participating institute, which should be considered as belonging to a single super-population. This paper introduces the use of a probabilistic tool, a mixture of probability distributions, to represent the overall population in such a temperature comparison. This super-population is defined by combining the local populations in given proportions. The mixture density function identifies the total data variability, and the key comparison reference value has a natural definition as the expectation value of this probability density.

The use of a mixture of probability distributions in temperature interlaboratory comparisons

According to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) on which the expression of uncertainty in the field of metrology is based, since 1995, 'it is assumed that the results of a measurement have been corrected for all recognised significant systematic effects'. Since the International Temperature Scale of 1990 specifies that the substances used for the realization of the 'fixed points' be 'ideally pure', to fully implement the intent of the GUM corrections should be applied for any chemical impurities that affect the value of the measurand. In general, thermometrists' opinion is that significant laboratory research and more literature search are still needed for further progress towards reliable corrections. This paper, reviewing the available literature data, shows that the situation is more favourable in the case of the substances used for the realization of the Scale reference points in the range 13.8 K to 273.16 K based on the use of hydrogen, neon, oxygen and argon. The appendix reports a similar review also for nitrogen. Then the paper discusses the other conditions, physical–chemical and thermal, of the substances inside the thermometric cells, concurring with the chemical impurity effects to the overall state of knowledge of the realized triple point temperature relevant to the solution of the problem of performing the corrections.

Critical review of information relevant to the correction of the effect of chemical impurities in gases used for the realization of ITS-90 fixed points

New comparisons are reported of the triple-point temperatures, Ttp, of seven neon samples with different 22Ne amount concentrations, 22x, in cryogenic cells sealed by INRIM, NMIJ, NPL and PTB. This work stems from a collaboration between those laboratories aiming at establishing the relationship between Ttp and 22x. Several problems remained unsolved in the published results. The new measurements supply more thermal data of lower uncertainty, to help solve some of these problems. The detailed results from 35 meltings are reported, characterized by improved uncertainty, and include an analysis of calorimetric, thermometric and sample-related effects. A broad range of collected and processed information is analysed in detail in order to confirm expanded uncertainty levels of the order of 30??K for a single cell and 50??K for a comparison of pairs of cells. The quality of the INRIM results is then discussed. In most cases the uncertainty budget for the INRIM measurements, including analysis of chemical impurities and the hydrostatic head correction, reached the targeted improved uncertainty. Finally, the results are discussed and compared with previous studies in support of the future assignment by the CCT of an accurate and reliable relationship Ttp versus 22x. The paper discusses various improvements regarding the influence of the thermal measurements on both the uncertainty of the relationship and the ability to recognize either possible isotopic fractionation during sample preparation or incorrect assignment of 22x values to some measured samples.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0026-1394/47/5/001/pdf

Franco Pavese

Papers

Data modeling for metrology and testing in measurement science

Advanced Mathematical and Computational Tools in Metrology and Testing XI

The use of a mixture of probability distributions in temperature interlaboratory comparisons

Critical review of information relevant to the correction of the effect of chemical impurities in gases used for the realization of ITS-90 fixed points

Comparison with U ≈ 50 µK of neon samples of different isotopic compositions