Preface. 1 Introduction to Optimization. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Historical Development. 1.3 Engineering Applications of Optimization. 1.4 Statement of an Optimization Problem. 1.5 Classification of Optimization Problems. 1.6 Optimization Techniques. 1.7 Engineering Optimization Literature. 1.8 Solution of Optimization Problems Using MATLAB. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 2 Classical Optimization Techniques. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Single-Variable Optimization. 2.3 Multivariable Optimization with No Constraints. 2.4 Multivariable Optimization with Equality Constraints. 2.5 Multivariable Optimization with Inequality Constraints. 2.6 Convex Programming Problem. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 3 Linear Programming I: Simplex Method. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Applications of Linear Programming. 3.3 Standard Form of a Linear Programming Problem. 3.4 Geometry of Linear Programming Problems. 3.5 Definitions and Theorems. 3.6 Solution of a System of Linear Simultaneous Equations. 3.7 Pivotal Reduction of a General System of Equations. 3.8 Motivation of the Simplex Method. 3.9 Simplex Algorithm. 3.10 Two Phases of the Simplex Method. 3.11 MATLAB Solution of LP Problems. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 4 Linear Programming II: Additional Topics and Extensions. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Revised Simplex Method. 4.3 Duality in Linear Programming. 4.4 Decomposition Principle. 4.5 Sensitivity or Postoptimality Analysis. 4.6 Transportation Problem. 4.7 Karmarkar's Interior Method. 4.8 Quadratic Programming. 4.9 MATLAB Solutions. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 5 Nonlinear Programming I: One-Dimensional Minimization Methods. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Unimodal Function. ELIMINATION METHODS. 5.3 Unrestricted Search. 5.4 Exhaustive Search. 5.5 Dichotomous Search. 5.6 Interval Halving Method. 5.7 Fibonacci Method. 5.8 Golden Section Method. 5.9 Comparison of Elimination Methods. INTERPOLATION METHODS. 5.10 Quadratic Interpolation Method. 5.11 Cubic Interpolation Method. 5.12 Direct Root Methods. 5.13 Practical Considerations. 5.14 MATLAB Solution of One-Dimensional Minimization Problems. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 6 Nonlinear Programming II: Unconstrained Optimization Techniques. 6.1 Introduction. DIRECT SEARCH METHODS. 6.2 Random Search Methods. 6.3 Grid Search Method. 6.4 Univariate Method. 6.5 Pattern Directions. 6.6 Powell's Method. 6.7 Simplex Method. INDIRECT SEARCH (DESCENT) METHODS. 6.8 Gradient of a Function. 6.9 Steepest Descent (Cauchy) Method. 6.10 Conjugate Gradient (Fletcher-Reeves) Method. 6.11 Newton's Method. 6.12 Marquardt Method. 6.13 Quasi-Newton Methods. 6.14 Davidon-Fletcher-Powell Method. 6.15 Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno Method. 6.16 Test Functions. 6.17 MATLAB Solution of Unconstrained Optimization Problems. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 7 Nonlinear Programming III: Constrained Optimization Techniques. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Characteristics of a Constrained Problem. DIRECT METHODS. 7.3 Random Search Methods. 7.4 Complex Method. 7.5 Sequential Linear Programming. 7.6 Basic Approach in the Methods of Feasible Directions. 7.7 Zoutendijk's Method of Feasible Directions. 7.8 Rosen's Gradient Projection Method. 7.9 Generalized Reduced Gradient Method. 7.10 Sequential Quadratic Programming. INDIRECT METHODS. 7.11 Transformation Techniques. 7.12 Basic Approach of the Penalty Function Method. 7.13 Interior Penalty Function Method. 7.14 Convex Programming Problem. 7.15 Exterior Penalty Function Method. 7.16 Extrapolation Techniques in the Interior Penalty Function Method. 7.17 Extended Interior Penalty Function Methods. 7.18 Penalty Function Method for Problems with Mixed Equality and Inequality Constraints. 7.19 Penalty Function Method for Parametric Constraints. 7.20 Augmented Lagrange Multiplier Method. 7.21 Checking the Convergence of Constrained Optimization Problems. 7.22 Test Problems. 7.23 MATLAB Solution of Constrained Optimization Problems. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 8 Geometric Programming. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Posynomial. 8.3 Unconstrained Minimization Problem. 8.4 Solution of an Unconstrained Geometric Programming Program Using Differential Calculus. 8.5 Solution of an Unconstrained Geometric Programming Problem Using Arithmetic-Geometric Inequality. 8.6 Primal-Dual Relationship and Sufficiency Conditions in the Unconstrained Case. 8.7 Constrained Minimization. 8.8 Solution of a Constrained Geometric Programming Problem. 8.9 Primal and Dual Programs in the Case of Less-Than Inequalities. 8.10 Geometric Programming with Mixed Inequality Constraints. 8.11 Complementary Geometric Programming. 8.12 Applications of Geometric Programming. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 9 Dynamic Programming. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Multistage Decision Processes. 9.3 Concept of Suboptimization and Principle of Optimality. 9.4 Computational Procedure in Dynamic Programming. 9.5 Example Illustrating the Calculus Method of Solution. 9.6 Example Illustrating the Tabular Method of Solution. 9.7 Conversion of a Final Value Problem into an Initial Value Problem. 9.8 Linear Programming as a Case of Dynamic Programming. 9.9 Continuous Dynamic Programming. 9.10 Additional Applications. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 10 Integer Programming. 10.1 Introduction 588. INTEGER LINEAR PROGRAMMING. 10.2 Graphical Representation. 10.3 Gomory's Cutting Plane Method. 10.4 Balas' Algorithm for Zero-One Programming Problems. INTEGER NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING. 10.5 Integer Polynomial Programming. 10.6 Branch-and-Bound Method. 10.7 Sequential Linear Discrete Programming. 10.8 Generalized Penalty Function Method. 10.9 Solution of Binary Programming Problems Using MATLAB. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 11 Stochastic Programming. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Basic Concepts of Probability Theory. 11.3 Stochastic Linear Programming. 11.4 Stochastic Nonlinear Programming. 11.5 Stochastic Geometric Programming. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 12 Optimal Control and Optimality Criteria Methods. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Calculus of Variations. 12.3 Optimal Control Theory. 12.4 Optimality Criteria Methods. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 13 Modern Methods of Optimization. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Genetic Algorithms. 13.3 Simulated Annealing. 13.4 Particle Swarm Optimization. 13.5 Ant Colony Optimization. 13.6 Optimization of Fuzzy Systems. 13.7 Neural-Network-Based Optimization. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. 14 Practical Aspects of Optimization. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Reduction of Size of an Optimization Problem. 14.3 Fast Reanalysis Techniques. 14.4 Derivatives of Static Displacements and Stresses. 14.5 Derivatives of Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. 14.6 Derivatives of Transient Response. 14.7 Sensitivity of Optimum Solution to Problem Parameters. 14.8 Multilevel Optimization. 14.9 Parallel Processing. 14.10 Multiobjective Optimization. 14.11 Solution of Multiobjective Problems Using MATLAB. References and Bibliography. Review Questions. Problems. A Convex and Concave Functions. B Some Computational Aspects of Optimization. B.1 Choice of Method. B.2 Comparison of Unconstrained Methods. B.3 Comparison of Constrained Methods. B.4 Availability of Computer Programs. B.5 Scaling of Design Variables and Constraints. B.6 Computer Programs for Modern Methods of Optimization. References and Bibliography. C Introduction to MATLAB(R) . C.1 Features and Special Characters. C.2 Defining Matrices in MATLAB. C.3 CREATING m-FILES. C.4 Optimization Toolbox. Answers to Selected Problems. Index .

Engineering Optimization : Theory and Practice

Nonlinear Programming: A Unified Approach

For structural systems that may fail in any one of several possible modes, reliability analysis is greatly simplified by use of upper and lower bound techniques. General bounds based on all the single mode failure probabilities and all the pairwise mode intersection failure probabilities are established. For systems where the single mode limit state surfaces are hyperplanes in the space of basic variables, a simple geometrical interpretation of the correlation between mode safety margins combined with a well-known geometrical interpretation of the single mode reliability index makes the practical calculation of the system reliability bounds easy. This is particularly true when the set of basic variables is jointly normally distributed. Examples show very narrow bounds which, in the practically important domain of high reliability, are almost coincident.

Narrow Reliability Bounds for Structural Systems

Constraint-handling in genetic algorithms through the use of dominance-based tournament selection

Methods of Feasible Directions. By G. Zoutendijk. Pp. 126. 30s. 1960. (D. van Nostrand Co. London)

Acquisition of truck axle and gross weight information is necessary for structural and maintenance requirements of bridges and pavements. A system is described combining traffic sensors and strain gages on highway bridge girders to obtain axle and gross weights. A weight prediction algorithm is derived herein that filters out the dynamic components of bridge response and obtains the equivalent static axle weights by a least-square error minimization. It utilizes self-balancing signal conditioners, magnetic tape switches, analog-digital converters, and a minicomputer to record field data on magnetic tape. Output is subsequently obtained on a digital computer. The system showed predictions of gross truck weight and tandem axles consistent with calibration trucks and random traffic. The paper also describes modifications of the system that would allow its routine use in obtaining weigh-in-motion truck data and would also permit weight processing in the field.

Weigh-in-motion system using instrumented bridges

Weigh-In-Motion System Using Instrumented Bridges

Structural optimization by methods of feasible directions.

System reliability developments in structural engineering

This report contains the findings of a study to develop a methodology for considering substructure redundancy in the design and evaluation of highway bridges. The reports builds on the work on bridge superstructure redundancy presented in NCHRP Report 406 and integrates the findings in that report into a single recommended specification for addressing bridge redundancy during design. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge design specification writers and to bridge engineers interested in the quantitative assessment of bridge redundancy.

Fred Moses

Papers

Weigh-in-motion system using instrumented bridges

Weigh-In-Motion System Using Instrumented Bridges

Structural optimization by methods of feasible directions.

System reliability developments in structural engineering

Redundancy in Highway Bridge Superstructures