Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) as a subset of mobile ad hoc networks which allow communication between any vehicle with other adjacent vehicles, road side units and infrastructure. In these networks, the purpose is to enhance the security, improve the management of urban and road traffic and provide services to the passenger. Due to problems such as reliability and privacy, messages that are exchanged in the network should be confidential and secure. Therefore, we need a secure topology to maintain trust, which enables the cryptographic process. In this paper, a trust based authentication method for clustered vehicular ad hoc networks is proposed. The efficient authentication method should be able to accurately detect malicious nodes and reduced delay and overhead. The main purpose of the proposed method is to create trustworthy and stable clusters that lead to the stability of the entire network. For this purpose, we estimate the trust degree of each vehicle by combining the trust between vehicles and the trust between the vehicle and Road Side Units (RSUs), and Cluster Heads (CHs) are selected based on this estimated trust degree. Cluster Heads along with verifiers are responsible for monitoring each vehicle. On the other hand, the cluster heads provide an optimal and secure route for transmitting messages. Messages are digitally signed by the sender and encrypted using a public/private key as distributed by a Trusted Authority (TA) and decrypted by the destination; so that each message contains a certificate from a trusted authority. In this identification, the sender and receiver of the message are verified and authentication will be achieved. By simulation results, it is proves that the proposed method increases the accuracy in detecting malicious nodes and the packet delivery ratio, and decreases the delay of authentication and overhead.

A trust infrastructure based authentication method for clustered vehicular ad hoc networks

In today’s world, the demand for sustainable third-party reverse logistics providers (S3PRLPs) becomes an increasingly considerable issue for industries seeking improved customer service, cost reduction and sustainability perspectives. However, the assessment and selection of right S3PRLP is a complex uncertain decision-making problem due to involvement of numerous conflicting attributes, imprecise human mind and lack of information. Recently, Fermatean fuzzy set (FFS) has been recognized as one of the suitable tools to tackle the uncertain and inaccurate information. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid methodology based on CRITIC and EDAS methods with Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFSs) to solve the S3PRLP selection problem in which the attributes and decision makers’ weights are completely unknown. In this framework, CRITIC approach is applied to calculate the attribute weight and EDAS method is used to evaluate the priority order of S3PRLP options. To do this, a new improved generalized score function (IGSF) is developed with its elegant properties. Also, a formula is discussed to calculate the decision makers’ weights based on the developed IGSF. Next, developed framework is applied to assess a case study of S3PRLP selection problem with Fermatean fuzzy information, which elucidates the usefulness and practicality of the proposed method. Finally, comparative study is implemented to show the strength of introduced framework with extant approaches. The outcomes of the work confirm that the introduced approach is more feasible and well-consistent with the other extant approaches.

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Fermatean fuzzy CRITIC-EDAS approach for the selection of sustainable third-party reverse logistics providers using improved generalized score function.

Bitcoin and gold price returns: A quantile regression and NARDL analysis

Water-level variations of tailings ponds can result in slope rocks being in a state of water invasion-water loss which can lead to irreversible damage to the rock meso-structure. This study combines qualitative analysis and quantitative characterization to investigate rock meso-structure damage due to water invasion-water loss cycles by analyzing the variations of rock meso-structures using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results from this analysis identified four stages in the variations of rock meso-structure under the action of water invasion-water loss cycles: overall homogeneity and compactness stage, primary pore expansion stage, porous flocculation stage, and a pore and fracture development stage. According to the fractal dimension in SEM test results, we can define rock meso-damage variable Df (which attained a maximum of 33.57%), thus realizing the quantitative characterization of rock damage under the action of water invasion-water loss cycles. After demonstrating that the evolutionary relationship between fractal dimension/damage variable and cycle number conforms to exponential function change, we also explored rock meso-damage mechanisms under the action of water invasion-water loss cycles.

A study on altered granite meso-damage mechanisms due to water invasion-water loss cycles

Heat transfer in dusty fluid with suspended hybrid nanoparticles over a melting surface

Taiwan is a highly informational country, and a robust traffic network is not only critical to the national economy, but is also an important infrastructure for economic development. This paper aims to integrate government open data and global positioning system (GPS) technology to build an instant image-based traffic assistant agent with user-friendly interfaces, thus providing more convenient real-time traffic information for users and relevant government units. The proposed system is expected to overcome the difficulty of accurately distinguishing traffic information and to solve the problem of some road sections not providing instant information. Taking the New Taipei City Government traffic open data as an example, the proposed system can display information pages at an optimal size on smartphones and other computer devices, and integrate database analysis to instantly view traffic information. Users can enter the system without downloading the application and can access the cross-platform services using device browsers. The proposed system also provides a user reporting mechanism, which informs vehicle drivers on congested road sections about road conditions. Comparison and analysis of the system with similar applications shows that although they have similar functions, the proposed system offers more practicability, better information accessibility, excellent user experience, and approximately the optimal balance (a kind of symmetry) of the important items of the interface design.

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A Balance Interface Design and Instant Image-based Traffic Assistant Agent Based on GPS and Linked Open Data Technology

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Fu-Hsien Chen

Papers

A Balance Interface Design and Instant Image-based Traffic Assistant Agent Based on GPS and Linked Open Data Technology

Development of Earthquake Detection and Warning System Based on Sensors