Antibiotics are widely used in humans and animals, but there is a big concern about their negative impacts on ecosystem and human health after use. So far there is a lack of information on emission inventory and environmental fate of antibiotics in China. We studied national consumption, emissions, and multimedia fate of 36 frequently detected antibiotics in China by market survey, data analysis, and level III fugacity modeling tools. Based on our survey, the total usage for the 36 chemicals was 92700 tons in 2013, an estimated 54000 tons of the antibiotics was excreted by human and animals, and eventually 53800 tons of them entered into the receiving environment following various wastewater treatments. The fugacity model successfully predicted environmental concentrations (PECs) in all 58 river basins of China, which are comparable to the reported measured environmental concentrations (MECs) available in some basins. The bacterial resistance rates in the hospitals and aquatic environments were found to b...

Comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics emission and fate in the river basins of China: source analysis, multimedia modeling, and linkage to bacterial resistance.

Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD).

Role of organic amendments on enhanced bioremediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils

During recent years, the biotic ligand model (BLM) has been proposed as a tool to evaluate quantitatively the manner in which water chemistry affects the speciation and biological availability of metals in aquatic systems. This is an important consideration because it is the bioavailability and bioreactivity of metals that control their potential to cause adverse effects. The BLM approach has gained widespread interest amongst the scientific, regulated and regulatory communities because of its potential for use in developing water quality criteria (WQC) and in performing aquatic risk assessments for metals. Specifically, the BLM does this in a way that considers the important influences of site-specific water quality. This journal issue includes papers that describe recent advances with regard to the development of the BLM approach. Here, the current status of the BLM development effort is described in the context of the longer-term history of advances in the understanding of metal interactions in the environment upon which the BLM is based. Early developments in the aquatic chemistry of metals, the physiology of aquatic organisms and aquatic toxicology are reviewed first, and the degree to which each of these disciplines influenced the development of water quality regulations is discussed. The early scientific advances that took place in each of these fields were not well coordinated, making it difficult for regulatory authorities to take full advantage of the potential utility of what had been learned. However, this has now changed, with the BLM serving as a useful interface amongst these scientific disciplines, and within the regulatory arena as well. The more recent events that have led to the present situation are reviewed, and consideration is given to some of the future needs and developments related to the BLM that are envisioned. The research results that are described in the papers found in this journal issue represent a distinct milestone in the ongoing evolution of the BLM approach and, more generally, of approaches to performing ecological assessments for metals in aquatic systems. These papers also establish a benchmark to which future scientific and regulatory developments can be compared. Finally, they demonstrate the importance and usefulness of the concept of bioavailability and of evaluative tools such as the BLM.

The biotic ligand model : a historical overview

Secondary thickening in pteridophytes.-The known cases of secondary thickening in recent Pteridophyta have been brought together by HILL23 in a useful resume. After stating the criteria for secondary growth, Botrychium, which has a distinct cambium, and Ophioglossum, which lacks a definite layer, are described, followed by Angiopteris and Marattia, in which a cambium forms a few xylem elements. CORMACK'S observations on the secondary wood in the nodes of Equisetum are cited, though no reference is made to the cambium in the young cone as reported by J]FFREY.24 The other cases of secondary growth include Psilotum, Selaginella spinulosa, and several species of Isoetes, especially I. hystrix, which may show a cambium outside the vascular cylinder.-M. A.

The Cell Wall

Ecological Indicators Introduction S. E. Jorgensen Application of Indicators for the Assessment of Ecosystem Health S. E. Jorgensen, Fu-Liu Xu, Joao C. Marques, and Fuensanta Salas Eco-Exergy as Ecological Indicator S. E. Jorgensen Emergy Indices of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics Mark T. Brown and Sergio Ulgiati Eco-Exergy to Emergy Flow Ratio for the Assessment of Ecosystem Health F. M. Pulselli, C. Gaggi, and S. Bastianoni Natural Capital Security/Vulnerability Related to Disturbance in a Panarchy of Social-Ecological Landscapes Nicola Zaccarelli, Irene Petrosillo, and Giovanni Zurlini Species Richness in Space and Time as an Indicator of Human Activity and Ecological Change Erich Tasser, Georg Niedrist, Patrick Zimmermann, and Ulrike Tappeiner Landscape Development Intensity and Pollutant Emergy/Empower Density Indices as Indicators of Ecosystem Health Mark T. Brown and Kelly Chinners Reiss Ecosystem Services and Ecological Indicators Robert Costanza Assessment of Ecosystem Health Application of Ecological Indicators for the Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Health S. E. Jorgensen Application of Ecological Indicators for the Assessment of Ecosystem Health in Estuaries and Coastal Zones Joao C. Marques, Fuensanta Salas, J. Patricio, J. Neto, H. Teixeira, and R. Pinto Application of Ecological and Thermodynamic Indicators for the Assessment of Ecosystem Health of Lakes Fu-Liu Xu Application of Ecological Indicators in Forest Management in Africa Kouami Kokou, Adzo Dzifa Kokutse, and Kossi Adjonou Using Ecological Indicators to Assess the Health of Marine Ecosystems: The North Atlantic Villy Christensen and Philippe Cury Indicators for the Management of Coastal Lagoons: Sacca di Goro Case Study J. M. Zaldivar, M. Austoni, M. Plus, G. A. De Leo, G. Giordani and P. Viaroli Ecosystem Indicators for the Integrated Management of Landscape Health and Integrity Felix Muller and Benjamin Burkhard Integrated Indicators for Evaluating Ecosystem Health: An Application to Agricultural Systems V. Niccolucci, R. M. Pulselli, S. Focardi, and S. Bastianoni Ecological Indicators to Assess the Health of River Ecosystems Carles Ibanez, Nuno Caiola, Peter Sharpe, and Rosa Trobajo Appendix Index

Handbook of Ecological Indicators for Assessment of Ecosystem Health

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soil and vegetables from Tianjin.

http://blog.sciencenet.cn/upload/blog/file/2009/12/200912819254742678.pdf

Contamination of rivers in Tianjin, China by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

The seasonal and spatial variations of phytoplankton community and their correlation with environmental factors in a large eutrophic Chinese lake (Lake Chaohu)

Fu-Liu Xu

Papers

Handbook of Ecological Indicators for Assessment of Ecosystem Health

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in agricultural soil and vegetables from Tianjin.

Contamination of rivers in Tianjin, China by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

The seasonal and spatial variations of phytoplankton community and their correlation with environmental factors in a large eutrophic Chinese lake (Lake Chaohu)

Lake ecosystem health assessment: indicators and methods.