A colored composition for color filter contains a colorant carrier formed of a transparent resin, a precursor of a transparent resin or a mixture thereof, and a green colorant dispersed in the colorant carrier. The green colorant contains a first halogenated metallophthalocyanine pigment having copper as a central metal, and at least one second halogenated metallophthalocyanine pigment having, as a central metal, a metal selected from the group consisting of Mg, Al, Si, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ge and Sn. The content of the second halogenated metallophthalocyanine pigment is within a range of 1 to 80 mol % based on a total amount of the green colorant. Also disclosed is a color filter including at least one red filter segment, at least one blue filter segment, and at least one green filter segment. At least one green filter segment is prepared from the above-mentioned colored composition.

Colored composition for color filter and color filter

The disclosed method of reducing carbon dioxide involves the following steps (a) and (b). In step (a), an electrochemical cell is prepared. Specifically, the electrochemical cell is provided with a working electrode (21), a counter electrode (23), and a tank (28). The tank (28) is provided with an electrolyte solution (27). The aforementioned working electrode (21) contains boron carbide. The aforementioned electrolyte solution (27) contains carbon dioxide. The aforementioned working electrode (21) and the aforementioned counter electrode (23) are both in contact with the aforementioned electrolyte solution (27). In step (b), a negative voltage and a positive voltage are applied to the aforementioned working electrode (21) and the aforementioned counter electrode (23), respectively, and the aforementioned carbon dioxide is reduced.

Method for reducing carbon dioxide

A method for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia gas comprising providing an electrolyte between an anode and a cathode, providing hydrogen gas to the anode, oxidizing negatively charged nitrogen-containing species present in the electrolyte at the anode to form an adsorbed nitrogen species, and reacting the hydrogen with the adsorbed nitrogen species to form ammonia. Preferably, the hydrogen gas is provided to the anode by passing the hydrogen gas through a porous anode substrate. It is also preferred to produce the negatively charged nitrogen-containing species in the electrolyte by reducing nitrogen gas at the cathode. However, the negatively charged nitrogen-containing species may also be provided by supplying a nitrogen-containing salt, such as lithium nitride, into the molten salt electrolyte mixture in a sufficient amount to provide some or all of the nitrogen consumed in the production of ammonia.

Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia

The invention relates to various embodiments of an environmentally beneficial method for reducing carbon dioxide. The methods in accordance with the invention include electrochemically or photoelectrochemically reducing the carbon dioxide in a divided electrochemical cell that includes an anode, e.g., an inert metal counterelectrode, in one cell compartment and a metal or p-type semiconductor cathode electrode in another cell compartment that also contains an aqueous solution of an electrolyte and a catalyst of one or more substituted or unsubstituted aromatic amines to produce therein a reduced organic product.

Conversion of carbon dioxide to organic products

A process and electrolytic cell for reducing in an ionic alkali metal compound, the cell containing anode and cathode electrodes, by supplying an electrolyte containing the alkali metal compound to the cell, applying an electric voltage to the cell to reduce said alkali metal compound at the cathode, and passing hydrogen or a hydrogen containing gas to at least one electrode while the compound is reduced at the cathode.

Hydrogen-assisted electrolysis processes

PURPOSE:To efficiently and electrolytically synthesize ammonia by arranging the cathode and anode consisting of opposite reactive layers and gas diffusion layers, respectively, feeding an electrolytic soln. under pressure into the space between the reactive layers and separately feeding nitrogen and hydrogen to the gas diffusion layers. CONSTITUTION:Gas diffusion electrodes each obtd. by joining a reactive layer supporting a catalyst to a gas diffusion layer having hydrophobic pores are used as the cathode and anode. The proper catalyst for the anode is platinum and that for the cathode is a metallophthalocyanine complex or fine metal particles. The electrodes are arranged so that the reactive layers confront each other and an aq. electrolyte soln. as an electrolytic soln. is fed into the space between the reactive layers. In the above-mentioned apparatus for electrolytically synthesizing ammonia, the electrolytic soln. is fed under a prescribed pressure and electrolysis is carried out while feeding nitrogen into the cathode gas chamber and hydrogen into the anode gas chamber. Ammonia can be electrolytically synthesized and drawn out together with the electrolytic soln.

Method and apparatus for electrolytically synthesizing ammonia

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrolytic soda process which obviates the occurrence of a pressure difference between the upper part and lower part of a gas diffusion electrode mounted at an electrolytic cell of a vertical type and obviates the occurrence of liquid leakage from a cathode chamber to a gas chamber in the lower part and the leakage of gas to an electrolytic liquid side in the upper part, and a salt electrolytic cell SOLUTION: An electrolyte flow passage 4 is disposed between an ion exchange membrane 3 and a reaction layer 6 of the gas diffusion electrode 5 An aq caustic soda soln 11 and gaseous oxygen 14 are supplied from the upper part of the flow passage 4 in such a manner that the differential pressure on the liquid chamber side and the gas chamber side and the pressure difference between the upper part and the lower part do not occur The soln and the gas are separately supplied from the upper part of the electrolytic cell and both thereof are made to flow down as downward flow Further, if a hydrophilic and open cellular porous body 10 having high porosity is held between the ion exchange membrane 3 and the reaction layer 6, the holding of the electrolyte flow passage 4 is made additionally surer

Electrolytic soda process and electrolytic cell

PURPOSE:To safely and efficiently synthesize the org. halide with a simple device by supplying a gaseous org. compd. to the anode side of an electrolyzing device and electrolyzing the compd. CONSTITUTION:A gas diffusing electrode consisting of a gas diffusion layer finely mixed with the hydrophilic and hydrophobic fine pore parts deposited with noble metal catalysts is used. While the halide electrolyte is supplied to the reaction layer side of this electrode, the electrolyte is electrolyzed to synthe size the org. halogen compd. The above-mentioned gas diffusing electrode has the fine pores of several hundreds Angstrom as the gas diffusing layer having the hydrophobic fine pores and is the sheet - like layer formed by mixing a hydro phobic carbon black and tetrafluoroelthylene (PTFE) as a binder and subjecting the mixture to thermocompression bonding. The reaction layer of the electrode is formed by depositing the fine particles of the noble metal of the catalysts to the hydrophilic carbon black part of the sheet-like material produced in the same manner by mixing the hydrophilic carbon black and the PTFE.

Electrolytic synthesis of halide

PURPOSE:To generate gas with low noise and at low cost by installing a partitioning wall having a number of minute penetration holes permitting Knudsen diffusion between the high-temperature side and the low-temperature side and installing a temperature-difference generating mechanism onto the high-temperature side and/or low-temperature side. CONSTITUTION:In a gas transferring device, a partitioning wall 2 made of Knudsen substance is installed at a proper place in a gas passage 1, and said partitioning wall 2 has a number of penetration holes which satisfy the following equation: k=lambda/a>1, in which the average free path of a gas particle is A, and the diameter of penetration hole is a. A heater 3 is installed onto the high- temperature side of the partitioning wall 2 and a water cooling pipe 4 is installed onto the low-temperature side, and when a temperature difference over 20 deg.C is provided between the high-temperature side and the low-temperature side of the partitioning wall 2, a large amount of gas is transferred from the high-temperature side to the low-temperature side through minute gas holes (penetration holes) permitting Knudsen diffusion. The partitioning wall 2 is constituted from resin film, composite-material film, or ceramic film.

Gas transferring device

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a gas diffusion electrode using a fluororesin-contained porous material manufacturable in a short time by a simple means as a raw material and having a high performance and a low manufacturing cost, and a fuel cell using it. SOLUTION: The fluororesin-contained porous material formed by having the gas diffusion material deposited on the surface of a conductive base material by electrophoresis after processing dispersion liquid of the gas diffusion electrode material having a fluororesin corpuscle as the main component by dialysis or ultrafilteration is used as the raw material for a gas feeding layer and/or a reaction layer. COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Furuya Choichi

Papers

Method and apparatus for electrolytically synthesizing ammonia

Electrolytic soda process and electrolytic cell

Electrolytic synthesis of halide

Gas transferring device

Gas diffusion electrode, its manufacturing method and fuel cell