http://nuclearmasses.org/resources_folder/Blaum_06.pdf

High-accuracy mass spectrometry with stored ions

The mass of the nucleus, through its binding energy, continues to be of capital importance not only for various aspects of nuclear physics, but also for other branches of physics, notably weak-interaction studies and astrophysics. The authors first describe the modern experimental techniques dedicated to the particularly challenging task of measuring the mass of exotic nuclides and make detailed comparisons. Though tremendous progress in these and the associated production techniques has been made, allowing access to nuclides very far from stability, it is still not yet possible to produce many nuclides involved in stellar nucleosynthesis, especially the $r$ process, leaving no choice but to resort to theory. The review thus goes on to describe and critically compare the various modern mass formulas that may be used to extrapolate from the data towards the neutron drip line. Special attention is devoted to the crucial interplay between theory and experiment, showing how new measurements far from stability can considerably reduce the ambiguity in extrapolations to nuclides even further away.

Recent trends in the determination of nuclear masses

An ion beam cooler and buncher has been developed for the manipulation of radioactive ion beams. The gas-filled linear radiofrequency ion trap system is installed at the Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP at ISOLDE/CERN. Its purpose is to accumulate the 60-keV continuous ISOLDE ion beam with high efficiency and to convert it into low-energy low-emittance ion pulses. The efficiency was found to exceed 10% in agreement with simulations. A more than 10-fold reduction of the ISOLDE beam emittance can be achieved. The system has been used successfully for first on-line experiments. Its principle, setup and performance will be discussed.

https://titan.triumf.ca/equipment/RFQ/254.pdf

A linear radiofrequency ion trap for accumulation, bunching, and emittance improvement of radioactive ion beams

Development and applications of the IGISOL technique

An ion beam cooler for mass-separated radioactive ion beams has been developed and tested at the IGISOL-type mass separator facility Technical description and characteristic properties are presented An energy spread below 1 eV and transmission efficiency of 60% were measured

/pdf/beam-cooler-for-low-energy-radioactive-ions-wvia8xv80y.pdf

Beam cooler for low-energy radioactive ions

The tandem Penning trap mass spectrometer ISOLTRAP has been set up at the on-line mass separator ISOLDE at CERN/Geneva for accurate mass measurements of short-lived nuclei with T 1 2 ≥ 1 s . The mass measurement is performed via the determination of the cyclotron frequency of an ion in a magnetic field. The design of the spectrometer matches the particular requirements for on-line mass measurements on short-lived isotopes. With the ISOLTRAP spectrometer masses of more than 70 radioactive nuclei have so far been determined with resolving powers exceeding one million and an accuracy of typically 10−7.

G Bollen

Papers

ISOLTRAP: a tandem Penning trap system for accurate on-line mass determination of short-lived isotopes