Previous reviews of mangrove biology focused on the more extensive and diverse tropical examples, with those of temperate regions generally relegated to a footnote Temperate mangroves are distinctive in several ways, most obviously by the lower diversity of tree species Their occurrence in relatively developed countries has created different issues for mangrove management from those in the tropics Mangroves in several temperate areas are currently expanding, due to changes in river catchments, in contrast to their worldwide decline Information derived from the greater body of research from tropical regions has sometimes been applied uncritically to the management of temperate mangroves The growing body of information on the ecology of temperate mangroves is reviewed, with emphasis on productivity, response to anthropogenically enhanced rates of sediment accumulation, and potential effects of climate change There is no unique marine or estuarine fauna in temperate mangroves, but the poorly known terrestrial fauna includes mangrove-dependent species Although productivity generally declines with increasing latitude, there is overlap in the range of reported values between temperate and tropical regions and considerable within-region variation This, and variation in other ecologically important factors, makes it advisable to consider management of temperate mangroves on a case-by-case basis, for example, when responding to expansion of mangroves at a particular location

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The ecology and management of temperate mangroves

There have been significant changes in sea level over the past two million years, and a complete understanding of natural cycles of change as well as anthropogenic effects is imperative for future global development. This book reviews the history of research into these sea-level changes and summarises the methods and analytical approaches used to interpret evidence for sea-level changes. It provides an overview of changing climates during the Quaternary, examines processes responsible for global variability of sea-level records, and presents detailed reviews of sea-level changes for the Pleistocene and Holocene. The book concludes by discussing current trends in sea levels and likely future sea-level changes. This is an important and authoritative resource for academic researchers and graduate and advanced undergraduate students working in tectonics, stratigraphy, geomorphology, physical geography, environmental science and other aspects of Quaternary studies.

Quaternary Sea-Level Changes: A Global Perspective

the International Atomic Energy Agency CRP on “The assessment of soil erosion through the use of Cs-137 and related techniques as a basis for soil conservation, sustainable agricultural production, and environmental quality” (D1.50.05) and the IAEA CRP on “Soil erosion and sediment assessment studies by environmental radionuclid es and their applications to soil conservati on measures” (F3.10.01).

Bibliography of publications of 137 cesium studies related to erosion and sediment deposition

Identification of historical lead sources in roof dusts and recent lake sediments from an industrialized area: indications from lead isotopes

Fly-ash particles

The chronology of near-surface sediments in Lake Illawarra has been investigated using radiocarbon dating and anthropogenically derived substances including trace metals, ash, and137Cs. Sediments at depths about 1 m below the water-sediment interface ranged in age from Modern to 786 calendar years bp on the basis of radiocarbon dating ofNotospisula trigonella valves. Multiple marker (for example ash-trace metals) depth-concentration sediment profiles yielded estimates of sedimentation rate ranging from 3 to 5 mm yr−1 at Griffins Bay to more than 16 mm yr−1 at Macquarie Rivulet. Sedimentation rates of approximately 10 mm yr−1 appeared to be typical of the western and southwestern portions of the lagoon. Rates of sediment accretion, prior to catchment clearing, urbanization, and industrialization have been estimated at less than 1 mm yr−1, thus indicating a general tenfold increase in sediment accumulation adjacent to the western foreshore caused by catchment development. Accelerated sedimentation in shallow coastal lagoons constitutes significant environmental impacts including shoaling, degradation of seagrass beds, and increased turbidity with consequent loss of aesthetic appeal. Management policy should be directed at attempts to reduce the amount of sediment input by the construction of strategically placed sediment retention ponds. Siltation within the shallow embayments of Lake Illawarra could be ameliorated by a carefully planned program of dredging.

G. E. Batley

Papers

Anthropogenic marker evidence for accelerated sedimentation in Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, Australia