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Principles Of Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Cerium phosphate-based inhibitor for smart corrosion protection of WE43 magnesium alloy

The effect of natural inhibitor concentration of Fumaria officinalis and temperature on corrosion protection mechanism in API X80 pipeline steel in 1 M H2SO4 solution

Effect of corrosion inhibiting compounds on the corrosion behaviour of pure magnesium and the magnesium alloys EV31A, WE43B and ZE41A

Magnesium and magnesium alloys have attracted growing attention over the last decades as lightweight materials for a wide range of applications. In particular, WE series magnesium alloys have experienced growing interest over the last years due to their favourable mechanical properties at room and elevated temperatures. In addition, it has been reported that these rare earth-containing alloys possess superior corrosion resistance compared to other commonly used magnesium alloys, such as AZ series. This review aims at providing a concise overview of the research efforts made during recent years regarding the properties of WE series magnesium alloys (e.g., mechanical properties, corrosion behaviour), how these properties can be enhanced by controlling the microstructure of these materials, and the role of specific alloying elements that are used for the WE series. The widespread use of these materials has been limited, mainly due to their susceptibility to corrosion. Thus, in the present review, strong emphasis has been given to recent work studying the corrosion behaviour of the WE series alloys, and to protective strategies that can be employed to mitigate their degradation.

/pdf/rare-earth-based-magnesium-alloys-a-review-on-we-series-2out7eqt.pdf

Rare Earth Based Magnesium Alloys—A Review on WE Series

A study on corrosion inhibition mechanism has been performed on rare earth containing WE43 magnesium alloy in 3.5 wt.% NaCl containing 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ). After an initial increase in corrosion rate due to the formation of sparingly soluble MgQ2 complex, it was found to decrease owing to inhibition effect of the complex. Scanning electrochemical microscopic analysis showed a decrease in corrosion currents and enhanced resistance to pitting corrosion was observed for WE43 samples in the presence of HQ after an exposure of 48 h. With time, the MgQ2 thus generated formed a protective layer on the Mg alloy surface to prevent further corrosion. The corrosion rate of WE43 samples decreased by ~ 50% in HQ containing medium after a constant exposure of 28 days (from ~ 0.22 mg/cm2 day in no HQ to ~ 0.11 mg/cm2 day in HQ). For the WE43 samples in the presence of HQ, formation of MgO and MgQ2 was detected by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Shallower and smaller pits appeared on the magnesium alloy with HQ in the solution as compared to deeper and larger pits on the samples with no HQ in the solution. The significance of metal-complexing organic agent, hydroxyquinoline, in initial acceleration and subsequent prevention of Mg corrosion via protective MgQ2 complex layer formation is demonstrated.

Corrosion Inhibition Study of Mg-Nd-Y High Strength Magnesium Alloy Using Organic Inhibitor

Electrochemical separation offers an energy-efficient means to desalinate brackish water, a relatively untapped but increasingly utilized water source for freshwater supply. Several electrochemical techniques are being developed to enable low-energy desalination combined with energy storage. We report a new approach that produced a peak power density of 6.0 mW cm-2 from the energy stored in iron cyanide (Fe-CN) and iron citrate (Fe-Cit) redox couples during water desalination, using asymmetric redox flow batteries (RFBs). Desalination and the charging of the redox couples occurred in a four-channel RFB cell. The stored energy was extracted in a two-channel RFB cell. Desalination of model brackish water (2.9 g L-1) to freshwater (0.5 g L-1) was also studied in a symmetric system using the environmentally benign Fe-Cit. The process was characterized by low energy consumption (0.56 kW h m-3), high productivity (41.1 L freshwater m-2 area h-1, representing practical operating conditions for brackish water desalination), and high water recovery (91% product-to-intake water ratio, addressing the environmental and economic challenges of brine disposal). The low cell voltage (<0.5 V) required in the reported system is ideally suited for developing modular desalination systems powered by renewables, including solar energy. Collectively, water-based RFBs for desalination and power production would lead to sustainable water-energy infrastructure.

Asymmetric and Symmetric Redox Flow Batteries for Energy-Efficient, High-Recovery Water Desalination.


 Redox flow desalination (RFD) is an emerging electrochemical process utilizing a redox couple for salt separation, which enables continuous and energy-efficient brackish water desalination. Several redox couples have been used to desalinate water along with energy production (from sustainable sources such as sunlight) and storage. However, an in-depth analysis of the redox reactions and ion transport that occur simultaneously in different components of an RFD electrochemical cell is still lacking. We carried out a series of experiments, with different cell configurations, to elucidate the contribution of individual components to the cell voltage. A closed-loop RFD mediated by ferri-/ferrocyanide as a model redox couple was designed for this analysis. The cell voltage gradually increased as the diluate concentration decreased from 3 to 0.5 g L−1, attributed to the solution resistance, membrane resistance, Donnan potential, and overpotential of the redox reaction. We experimentally measured voltage drops due to each component, the sum of which was in good agreement with the time-variant cell voltage. A phenomenological model was used to fit the experimental concentration and voltage data, and a good fit was obtained. The combined experimental and modeling analysis reported herein is expected to guide a rational design and operation of RFD processes.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1149/1945-7111/ac790b/pdf

G. Mohandass

Papers

Corrosion Inhibition Study of Mg-Nd-Y High Strength Magnesium Alloy Using Organic Inhibitor

Asymmetric and Symmetric Redox Flow Batteries for Energy-Efficient, High-Recovery Water Desalination.

Experimental Analysis and Modeling of Closed-Loop Redox Flow Desalination