Mechanoluminescence (ML) is a type of luminescence induced by any mechanical action on solids. The light emissions induced by elastic deformation, plastic deformation and fracture of solids are called elastico ML (EML), plastico ML (PML) and fracto ML (FML), respectively. Whereas nearly 50% of all organic molecular solids and inorganic salts exhibit FML, only a few solids exhibit EML and PML. The EML and FML of certain solids are so intense that they can be seen during daylight with the naked eye. Mechanolumnescence has a great potential for use in different types of mechano-optical devices such as stress sensors, damage sensors, impact sensors, fracture sensors and safety management monitoring systems. This article reports a survey of the literature from 1605 to 2013. Mechanoluminescence is studied by physicists, chemists, material scientists, geologists, medical scientists, engineers and technologists, among others and researchers will certainly benefit from the literature survey on ML given here. In addition, the field of mechanoluminescence may attract the interest of many new researchers.

Survey of the literature on mechanoluminescence from 1605 to 2013.

Sonoluminescence and acoustically driven optical phenomena in solids and solid–gas interfaces

The present paper reports the effect of temperature on the mechanoluminescence (ML) intensity of certain fluorescent and phosphorescent molecular crystals. The ML intensity decreases with temperatu...

Effect of Temperature on the Mechanoluminescence of Fluorescent and Phosphorescent Molecular Crystals

This paper reports the mechanoluminescence (ML) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of (Zn, Cd)S:Mn, (Zn, Cd)S:Cu, (Zn, Cd)S:Ag, and (Zn, Cd)S:Au mixed phosphors. The PL spectra of the phosphors were similar to the ML spectra within the limit of experimental error. For (Zn, Cd)S:Cu, (Zn, Cd)S:Ag, and (Zn, Cd)S:Au phosphors ML spectra shifted toward lower wavelength compared with PL spectra whereas for the Mn-doped (Zn, Cd)S phosphor ML spectra shifted toward higher wavelength compared with PL spectra. ML and PL spectra of doped (Zn, Cd)S mixed phosphors shifted toward longer wavelength with increasing CdS content.

Comparative study of ML and PL spectra of different impurity-doped (Zn, Cd)S mixed phosphors

The present manuscript provides a description of the phenomenon of mechanoluminescence (ML) in ZrO2:Ti (cubic) phosphors. When the ML is excited impulsively by the impact of a load on the phosphors the ML intensity increases with time, attains a maximum value and then it decreases. In the ML intensity versus time curve, the peak increases and shifts towards shorter time values with increasing impact velocities. The sample was synthesised using the combustion synthesis method with variable concentrations of Ti (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mol%) and characterised by X-ray diffraction technique. The total ML intensity IT is defined as the area below the ML intensity versus time curve. Total ML intensity increases linearly with the mass of the phosphors for higher impact velocities. The ML intensity Im, corresponding to the peak of ML intensity versus time curve, increases linearly with the impact velocities. The time tm is found to be linearly related to 1000/V0. The ML induced by impulsive excitation in titanium-...

Mechanoluminescence induced by impulsive deformation in zirconium:Ti phosphor

An introduction to some of the physical effects (e.g. exoemission, acoustic emission and mechanoluminescence) associated with the mechanical deformation of solids is presented. Greater emphasis has been given to exoelectron emissions. Experimental information and plausible mechanisms for exoemission have been described briefly. In particular, exoelectron emission from metals and oxide-coated metals has been discussed at some length, with the hope of generating a common interest among physicists and metallurgists.

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G Mukhopadhyay

Papers

Effects of mechanical deformation: Exoemission