The methylene-C14 group is hydroxylated yielding formate-C14 in the microsome-reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate system in vitro and yielding expired C14O2, in living mice and houseflies. Methylenedioxyphenyl compounds apparently serve as alternate substrates for this enzymatic hydroxylation system of microsomes, and thus reduce the rate of metabolism and prolong the action of certain drugs and insecticide chemicals.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/153/3740/1130.full.pdf

Methylene-C14-Dioxyphenyl Compounds: Metabolism in Relation to Their Synergistic Action

Cyclodiene epoxide ring hydration by microsomes from mammalian liver and houseflies.

Influence of piperonyl butoxide on the toxicity of organophosphate insecticides to three species of freshwater benthic invertebrates

The neurotoxic action of dieldrin and its derivatives in the cockroach

‘FREONS’ are fluorocarbons, with 1–4 carbon atoms, fluorine and sometimes chlorine, bromine or hydrogen, which are widely used as propellants (for example, with pressurized aerosols of foods or pesticides), fire extinguishers, solvents, and refrigerants. ‘Freons’ have low toxicity after acute or chronic inhalation exposures1,2, with the exception of halothane, CF3-CHBrCl, which has produced occasional hepatotoxicity, possibly as a result of fluoroalkene contaminant3.

Synergistic toxicity and carcinogenicity of 'freons' and piperonyl butoxide.

The effect of pyrethrin synergists, especially sesamex, on the insecticidal potency of hexachlorocyclopentadiene derivatives ("cyclodiene" insecticides) in the adult housefly, musca domestica l.

G.T. Brooks

Papers

The effect of pyrethrin synergists, especially sesamex, on the insecticidal potency of hexachlorocyclopentadiene derivatives ("cyclodiene" insecticides) in the adult housefly, musca domestica l.