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Design Of Analog Cmos Integrated Circuits

This review covers energy harvesting technologies associated with pyroelectric materials and systems. Such materials have the potential to generate electrical power from thermal fluctuations and is a less well explored form of thermal energy harvesting than thermoelectric systems. The pyroelectric effect and potential thermal and electric field cycles for energy harvesting are explored. Materials of interest are discussed and pyroelectric architectures and systems that can be employed to improve device performance, such as frequency and power level, are described. In addition to the solid materials employed, the appropriate pyroelectric harvesting circuits to condition and store the electrical power are discussed.

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Pyroelectric materials and devices for energy harvesting applications

Recently, sustainable green energy harvesting systems have been receiving great attention for their potential use in self-powered smart wireless sensor network (WSN) systems. In particular, though the developed WSN systems are able to advance public good, very high and long-term budgets will be required in order to use them to supply electrical energy through temporary batteries or connecting power cables. This report summarizes recent significant progress in the development of hybrid nanogenerators for a sustainable energy harvesting system that use natural and artificial energies such as solar, wind, wave, heat, machine vibration, and automobile noise. It starts with a brief introduction of energy harvesting systems, and then summarizes the different hybrid energy harvesting systems: integration of mechanical and photovoltaic energy harvesters, integration of mechanical and thermal energy harvesters, integration of thermal and photovoltaic energy harvesters, and others. In terms of the reported hybrid nanogenerators, a systematic summary of their structures, working mechanisms, and output performances is provided. Specifically, electromagnetic induction, triboelectric, piezoelectric, photovoltaic, thermoelectric, and pyroelectric effects are reviewed on the basis of the individual and hybrid power performances of hybrid nanogenerators and their practical applications with various device designs. Finally, the perspectives on and challenges in developing high performance and sustainable hybrid nanogenerator systems are presented.

Hybrid Energy Harvesters: Toward Sustainable Energy Harvesting.

Design With Operational Amplifiers And Analog Integrated Circuits

Inherent scarcity of thermal sources with a time varying temperature profile is the reason why the pyroelectric-based energy harvesting is not as prominent as its counterpart, thermoelectric generators, in the thermal energy harvesting domain. In this paper, a practical solution for generating thermal oscillations required for sustainable pyroelectric-based energy harvesting from the solar and wind energies, is presented. The main focus of the work is to modulate the concentrated solar radiation using a vertical axis wind turbine for producing higher rate of change of temperature on the pyroelectric material. The maximum energy and power density produced by the prototype device using PZT-5H as pyroelectric material are 6.927 mJ/cm3/cycle and 421.18 μW/cm3, respectively, and on average it can produce a power density of 304.78 μW/cm3, which concurs with the theoretical model.

Pyroelectric-Based Solar and Wind Energy Harvesting System

Piezoelectric based resonant mass sensor using phase measurement

In this paper design modifications are proposed in microgripper design using two in-plane chevron electrothermal actuators. The design modifications are, converting free---free gripping arm into a clamped-free gripping arm and inclusion of the heat sinks in the shuttle. The modified design provides reduced temperature at the gripping jaws and higher gripping force. The proposed microgripper is modelled analytically and numerically using MEMS CAD tool CoventorWare. The performance of the microgripper such as displacement, force and temperature for the voltage range of 0---1.2 V is evaluated through numerical and analytical simulation. The results demonstrate the feasibility of fabrication. Further the gripper is made of polysilicon which allows operating the gripper at lower voltage.

Design enhancement of a chevron electrothermally actuated microgripper for improved gripping performance

Resonance based DC current sensor

Energy harvesting employing piezoelectric materials in mechanical structures such as cantilever beams, plates, diaphragms, etc, has been an emerging area of research in recent years. The research in this area is also focused on structural tailoring to improve the harvested power from the energy harvesters. Towards this aim, this paper presents a method for improving the harvested power from a cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester by introducing multiple rectangular cavities. A generalized model for a piezoelectric energy harvester with multiple rectangular cavities at a single section and two sections is developed. A method is suggested to optimize the thickness of the cavities and the number of cavities required to generate a higher output voltage for a given cantilever beam structure. The performance of the optimized energy harvesters is evaluated analytically and through experimentation. The simulation and experimental results show that the performance of the energy harvester can be increased with multiple cavities compared to the harvester with a single cavity.

G. Uma

Papers

Pyroelectric-Based Solar and Wind Energy Harvesting System

Piezoelectric based resonant mass sensor using phase measurement

Design enhancement of a chevron electrothermally actuated microgripper for improved gripping performance

Resonance based DC current sensor

Cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester with multiple cavities