A study of Titanium and Magnesium particle-induced oxidative stress and toxicity to human osteoblasts.

Prospects of nanostructured composite materials for energy harvesting and storage

Lattice structures are widely used in orthopedic implants due to their unique features, such as high strength-to-weight ratios and adjustable biomechanical properties. Based on the type of unit cell geometry, lattice structures may be classified into two types: strut-based structures and sheet-based structures. In this study, strut-based structures (Cubic & Octet) and sheet-based structure (triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) gyroid) were investigated. The biomechanical properties of the three different Ti6Al4V lattice structures fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) were investigated using room temperature compression testing. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to check the 3D printing quality with regards to defects and quantitative compositional information of 3D printed parts. Experimental results indicated that TPMS gyroid has superior biomechanical properties when compared to Cubic and Octet. Also, TPMS gyroid was found to be less affected by the variations in relative density. The biocompatibility of Ti6Al4V lattice structures was validated through the cytotoxicity test with human osteoblast-like SAOS2 cells. The debris generated during the degradation process in the form of particles and ions is among the primary causes of implant failure over time. In this study, Ti6Al4V particles with spherical and irregular shapes having average particle sizes of 36.5 μm and 28.8 μm, respectively, were used to mimic the actual Ti6Al4V particles to understand their harmful effects better. Also, the effects and amount of Ti6Al4V ions released after immersion within the cell culture media were investigated using the indirect cytotoxicity test and ion release test. 

A biomechanical evaluation on Cubic, Octet, and TPMS gyroid Ti6Al4V lattice structures fabricated by selective laser melting and the effects of their debris on human osteoblast-like cells.

Nanostructured Bulk Titanium with Enhanced Properties—Strategies and Prospects for Dental Applications

Role of nanostructured materials in hard tissue engineering.

Biomaterials play a crucial role in regenerative medicine, which aims to restore and reinstate lost/failed tissues or organs in the human body. Biomaterials are three dimensional temporary substrates which help in the development of new tissue and organization. Mimicking the characteristics of natural bone is challenging and those biomaterials which posses that property serves beneficial and also helps in the speedy recovery of the patient. These characteristics are of nanoscale regime and helps in wounding healing and tissue regeneration in the most effective way. In this chapter the development of nanostructured biomaterials, nanosurface modifications and nanoscaffolds has been discussed in detail. The different application of these bulk and surface modified nanomaterials has been convened. In conclusion, the nanostructured biomaterials is an emerging area of research and the application of these materials can improve the performance and longevity of the implants and at the same time pave way for the development of new technologies in the future.

G. Vasanth

Papers

Use of nanostructured materials in implants