Contact dermatitis, also known as contact eczema, is an adverse skin reaction after contact exposure to a foreign agent, caused either by its irritant (irritant contact dermatitis, ICD) or its allergenic property (allergic contact dermatitis, ACD). The clinical appearance of the lesions depends on the skin region involved and the duration of the exposure; it may be papular, urticaria-like, vesicular, or bullous, presented on an erythematous background. In dark pigmented or black skin, erythema is less recognizable, and the lesions are often hypo- or hyperpigmented; after repeated or persisting exposure, eczematization occurs, and chronic pruritus often results in lichenification. In specific areas of the body such as the eyelids, penis, and scrotum, contact dermatitis can be presented as erythematous edema rather than papules or vesicles. Lesions can be provoked or aggravated by exposure to sun or UV light, resulting in a phototoxic or photoallergic reaction. The skin response also depends on the particular properties of the agent, the nature and duration of the contact, and the individual susceptibility of the patient.

Contact Dermatitis in Skin of Color

Contact dermatitis is a frequent skin disorder related to environmental and occupational etiological factors, which could potentially affect all age groups, as well as both genders. The current study is aimed at exploring the patterns of contact sensitization with respect to the population's occupational patterns in Greece. A retrospective analysis was performed in a cohort of 1978 patients from 2014 to 2016. Patients were divided into two categories; blue collars (BlC) and white collars (WhC), as well as detailed occupation was considered. Separation was performed on the basis of their profession, i.e., labor workers and handicraftsmen were sorted to the BlC group, while office employees were sorted to the WhC group. The common allergen in all occupational subgroups was nickel sulphate. The three most prevalent allergens in both BlC and WhC were nickel sulphate 5%, fragrance mix (I) 8%, and Balsam of Peru 25%. WhC males were uniquely sensitized to colophony 20% and formaldehyde 2%, and WhC females were uniquely sensitized to 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and neomycin sulphate 20%. Sensitization to allergens manifested occupation-specific patterns. Allergic contact dermatitis surveillance is of great importance towards the clinical and systematic understanding of the disease, especially with respect to the patient's occupational profile.

/pdf/analysis-of-prevalence-and-risk-factors-of-contact-346yslvrwh.pdf

Analysis of Prevalence and Risk Factors of Contact Sensitization with respect to the Occupational Profiles in a Greek Patient Cohort: A Retrospective Analysis of a Greek Referral Centre and Future Perspectives.

Operasi pembangkit listrik dan kondisi iklim tertentu diduga menyebabkan fly ash, salah satu polutan yang dihasilkan oleh pembangkit listrik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui profil dan faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian penyakit kulit terhadap orang-orang yang tinggal di dekat pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara Panau, Palu. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan untuk orang dengan penyakit kulit dengan menggunakan teknik penyakit tetap, meskipun untuk orang tanpa penyakit kulit dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Korelasi Chi-Square digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan dan untuk menguji hipotesis antar variabel. Di antara 100 rumah tangga penduduk desa Panau, ada 20 orang dengan penyakit kulit yang bermanifestasi sebagai dermatitis kontak alergi (7 orang),infeksi jamur (5 orang), dermatitis iritan kontak (3 orang), dermatitis nummular (1),dermatitis seborrhoic (1), varicella (1 orang), pruritus senilis (1). Berdasarkan pemeriksaan Chi-Square yang digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian penyakit kulit, ditemukan bahwa kebersihan pribadi (p=0,038), riwayat pekerjaan (p=0,705), periode perumahan (p=1,00), rumah jarak dari Panau Power Plant (p=0,053) dan riwayat alergi (p=0,048). Kebersihan pribadi dan riwayat alergi sebagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian penyakit kulit terhadap orang yang tinggal di dekat pembangkit listrik tenaga uap Panau, Palu, Indonesia.

/pdf/gambaran-profil-dan-faktor-faktor-yang-mempengaruhi-kejadian-59he71tkyl.pdf

Gambaran profil dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian penyakit kulit pada warga yang tinggal di sekitar area pltu, kota palu, indonesia

Occupational dermatosis is a group diseases in which caused by occupational activities and working conditions. According to data published in 2004, skin disorders account for up to 30% of all occupational diseases in industrialized countries and contact dermatitis accounts for 90% of these skin disorders. Allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis are the most common seen occupational dermatoses. The diagnosis can be made by history, clinical findings and some tests such as patch test. In the United Kingdom, Health and Safety Commission estimated that about 23.000 workers (78 per 100.000 workers) had skin diseases in 2006/2007. Occupational dermatoses can affect quality of life and social activities of workers and can causes loss of cost associated with lost workdays, loss of productivity or disability payments. According to International Labour Organization estimates, occupational diseases and injuries causes the loss of 4% of global gross domestic product annually. In our country, there are some problems about reporting and diagnosis of occupational dermatosis. It is important to take necessary measures about reporting system. To prevent of these diseases, organisations are essential. Employers should take protective measures in workplace, if necessary, they should report occupational diseases. Workers and doctors should be aware of occupational dermatoses, they should take education about these diseases. By identifying the correct strategies, the number of occupational dermatoses will reduce and undesirable consequences will prevent.

/pdf/mesleki-dermatozlarin-halk-sagligi-acisindan-onemi-2r72mdap6a.pdf

Mesleki̇ dermatozlarin halk sağliği açisindan önemi̇

BACKGROUND: Occupational dermatitis affects the quality of life and productivity of workers. Studies on the subject are scarce in Brazil. It is estimated that the disease is underreported and that many affected patients do not seek health care. OBJECTIVES: To conduct an epidemiological analysis of occupational dermatitis notified via SINAN in Brazil from January 2007 to December 2012; evaluate the profile of patients assisted; and check the main etiological agents involved. METHODS: We analyzed the compulsory notification forms of cases of occupational dermatitis filled nationwide during January 2007 to December 2012. RESULTS: During the study period 3027 cases of occupational dermatitis were notified in Brazil. In 61.4% of cases patients were men aged between 35-49 years (39.6%). The most described etiological agent was chromium (13.9%). The location of the body most affected was the hands, with 28.4% of cases. The construction sector is implicated in 28.7% of cases and domestic services by 18%. Allergic contact dermatitis is the most prevalent occupational dermatitis (20.6%) and the region with the highest number of notifications was the Midwest, with 376.4 cases per million inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of patients most affected by occupational dermatitis in Brazil during the study period was: men with elementary school, aged between 20 and 49 years old and working in the construction industry. The most common occupational dermatitis were allergic contact dermatitis caused by chromium after years of exposure, being the hands and head the parts of the body most affected.

Gabriela Yumi Plombom

Papers

Epidemiological analysis of occupational dermatitis notified in Brazil in the period 2007 to 2012.