Homogeneous, heterogeneous and enzymatic catalysis for transesterification of high free fatty acid oil (waste cooking oil) to biodiesel: a review.

Opportunities and challenges for biodiesel fuel

A review on novel processes of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil

Technologies for production of biodiesel focusing on green catalytic techniques: A review

Increasing number of researches focusing on the use of solid heterogeneous catalysts for the production of biodiesel provides evidence that these catalysts continue to evolve as viable alternatives. While liquid alkaline metal alkoxides remain to be appealing in the industries, it is expected that solid base catalyst will soon become more attractive due to the economics and environmental concern. Limited researches have shown that the conversion by solid base catalysts was comparable to that of the existing alkoxide system. This paper reviews various types of heterogeneous solid acids and bases in the production of biodiesel from transesterification of triglycerides. Unconventional enzymatic and non-catalytic supercritical methanol transesterification are also presented. The yields and conversion from various catalytic systems are compared, and the advantages and disadvantages of the systems discussed.

Solid heterogeneous catalysts for transesterification of triglycerides with methanol: A review

Synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil and methanol catalyzed by zeolite beta modified with La3

To enhance the synthesis process for biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME), microwave absorption solid acid catalysts were used for transesterification under microwave radiation. The H2SO4/C catalyst was prepared by an impregnation method. The surface areas of active carbon and H2SO4/C were measured by the BET method. Synthesis reactions were carried out under different conditions using castor oil and methanol as the feedstock. The amounts of FAME in the product were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Experimental results showed that the microwave radiation exhibited a notable enhanced effect for transesterification by using the microwave absorption solid acid catalysts (H2SO4/C) compared with that of the conventional heating method. When the transesterification was carried out at 338 K, with 12:1 molar ratio of methanol to castor oil, 50 wt % loading amounts of H2SO4 and 5 wt % of catalyst to castor oil, after 60 min the yield of FAME 94 wt % was obtained. This method can also be use...

Synthesis of Biodiesel Using Microwave Absorption Catalysts

Simultaneous production of hythane and carbon nanotubes via catalytic decomposition of methane with catalysts dispersed on porous supports

The water-tolerant and microwave absorbing solid acid catalyst–-heteropolyacids supported on activated carbon (H3PW12O40•xH2O /C)–-was developed and used in the synthesis of biodiesel with low-quality tung oil that contained water (0.1–1.5 wt.%) or free fatty acid (FFA; 2.6–30.0 wt.%). Microwave radiation was adopted to enhance the transesterification. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the synthesis experiments and optimize the operation conditions. Research results showed that the solid acid catalyst H3PW12O40•xH2O /C (HPW/C) exhibited a better water-tolerance performance and catalytic activity than other catalysts such as HPW and HPW/γ-Al2O3, and a higher yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) could be obtained under microwave radiation than the conventional heating. The FAME yield of 67.2% could be obtained under the optimal conditions of temperature of 343 K, the methanol to oil molar ratio of 36, and catalyst to oil mass ratio of 11.5 wt.% when the tung oil contained 0.7 wt.%...

Biodiesel Production with Water-Tolerance and A Microwave Absorbing Catalyst using Tung Oil

Pt-Ni bimetallic catalysts and their corresponding monometallic catalysts supported on active carbon were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation or chelating formaldehyde reduction. The effect of feed/catalyst ratio and the metal impregnation sequence for active carbon supported bimetallic nanoparticle on dehydrogenation activity of decalin was investigated. The results showed that the conversion of decalin increased up to 72% over 3%Pt/C catalyst when the feed/catalyst ratio reached 3.3 mL/g, under which condition the catalyst was in the liquid film state, having a higher temperature and larger contact area. The Pt-Ni/C bimetallic catalyst showed higher activity than either Pt/C or Ni/C monometallic catalyst. The impregnation sequence has a significant effect on the catalytic performance of three bimetallic supported catalysts. Pt first catalyst displayed the best dehydrogenation activity and selectivity to naphthalene. It reveals that the impregnation sequence more likely altered the location of active metal species and the formation of Pt-Ni bimetallic bond, which lead to the different catalytic behavior for decalin dehydrogenation.

Gangli Zhu

Papers

Synthesis of biodiesel from soybean oil and methanol catalyzed by zeolite beta modified with La3

Synthesis of Biodiesel Using Microwave Absorption Catalysts

Simultaneous production of hythane and carbon nanotubes via catalytic decomposition of methane with catalysts dispersed on porous supports

Biodiesel Production with Water-Tolerance and A Microwave Absorbing Catalyst using Tung Oil

Decalin dehydrogenation on active carbon supported Pt-Ni bimetallic catalysts