Current and future wireless applications strongly rely on precise real-time localization. A number of applications, such as smart cities, Internet of Things (IoT), medical services, automotive industry, underwater exploration, public safety, and military systems require reliable and accurate localization techniques. Generally, the most popular localization/positioning system is the global positioning system (GPS). GPS works well for outdoor environments but fails in indoor and harsh environments. Therefore, a number of other wireless local localization techniques are developed based on terrestrial wireless networks, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), and wireless local area networks (WLANs). Also, there exist localization techniques which fuse two or more technologies to find out the location of the user, also called signal of opportunity-based localization. Most of the localization techniques require ranging measurements, such as time of arrival (ToA), time difference of arrival (TDoA), direction of arrival (DoA), and received signal strength (RSS). There are also range-free localization techniques which consider the proximity information and do not require the actual ranging measurements. Dimensionality reduction techniques are famous among the range free localization schemes. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is one of the dimensionality reduction technique which has been used extensively in the recent past for wireless networks localization. In this paper, a comprehensive survey is presented for MDS and MDS-based localization techniques in WSNs, IoT, cognitive radio networks, and 5G networks.

/pdf/a-state-of-the-art-survey-on-multidimensional-scaling-based-3bj4dud3yn.pdf

A State-of-the-Art Survey on Multidimensional Scaling-Based Localization Techniques

The problem of robust phase-locked loop design has attracted attention for many years, particularly since the advent of the global positioning system. This paper proposes and demonstrates the use of a fuzzy PLL to estimate the time-varying phase of a sinusoidal signal. It is shown via simulation results that fuzzy PLL's offer performance comparable to analytically derived PLL's (e.g. Kalman filters and H/sub /spl infin estimators) when the phase exhibits high dynamics and high noise. The fuzzy PLL rules are optimized using a gradient descent method and a genetic algorithm. >

/pdf/fuzzy-logic-for-digital-phase-locked-loop-filter-design-2t52qzlb9t.pdf

Fuzzy logic for digital phase-locked loop filter design

Current and future wireless applications strongly rely on precise real-time localization. A number of applications such as smart cities, Internet of Things (IoT), medical services, automotive industry, underwater exploration, public safety, and military systems require reliable and accurate localization techniques. Generally, the most popular localization/ positioning system is the Global Positioning System (GPS). GPS works well for outdoor environments but fails in indoor and harsh environments. Therefore, a number of other wireless local localization techniques are developed based on terrestrial wireless networks, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and wireless local area networks (WLANs). Also, there exist localization techniques which fuse two or more technologies to find out the location of the user, also called signal of opportunity based localization. Most of the localization techniques require ranging measurements such as time of arrival (ToA), time difference of arrival (TDoA), direction of arrival (DoA) and received signal strength (RSS). There are also range-free localization techniques which consider the proximity information and do not require the actual ranging measurements. Dimensionality reduction techniques are famous among the range free localization schemes. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is one of the dimensionality reduction technique which has been used extensively in the recent past for wireless networks localization. In this paper, a comprehensive survey is presented for MDS and MDS based localization techniques in WSNs, Internet of Things (IoT), cognitive radio networks, and 5G networks.

A State-of-the-Art Survey on Multidimensional Scaling Based Localization Techniques

Materials tracking and locating, which can be accomplished through various technologies and data sources, are key elements affecting construction productivity. The need for developing fundamental m...

Reliability-Based Hybrid Data Fusion Method for Adaptive Location Estimation in Construction

This paper presents an Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) estimator based approach to navigation using the Global Positioning System (GPS). The "soft-switching" IMM estimator obtains its estimate as a weighted sum of the individual estimates from a number of parallel filters matched to different motion modes of the platform e.g., nearly constant velocity and maneuvering. The goal is to obtain the maximum navigation accuracy from an inexpensive and light GPS-based system, without the need for an inertial navigation unit, which would add both cost and weight. In the case of navigation with maneuvering, for example, with accelerations and decelerations, the IMM estimators can substantially improve navigation accuracy during maneuvers as well as during constant velocity motion over a conventional (extended) Kalman Filter (KF), which is, by necessity, a compromise filter. This paper relies on a detailed modeling of GPS and presents the design of a navigation solution using the IMM estimator. Two different IMM estimator designs are presented and a simulated navigation scenario is used for comparison with two baseline KF estimators. Monte Carlo simulations are used to show that the best IMM estimator significantly outperforms the KF with about 40-50% improvement in RMS position, speed and course errors.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/7416/20155/00931509.pdf

Enhanced accuracy GPS navigation using the interacting multiple model estimator

The complexity of the design of a Global Positioning System (GPS) user segment, as well as the performance demanded of the components, depends on user requirements such as total navigation accuracy. Other factors, for instance the expected satellite/vehicle geometry or the accuracy of an accompanying inertial navigation system can also affect the user segment design. Models of GPS measurements are used to predict user segment performance at various levels. Design curves are developed which illustrate the relationship between user requirements, the user segment design, and component performance. >

/pdf/gps-modeling-for-designing-aerospace-vehicle-navigation-4qx92kcif8.pdf

GPS modeling for designing aerospace vehicle navigation systems

As new applications for the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) on aerospace vehicles emerge, more attention is being paid to the design of the user segment, which comprises the hardware and software employed by the user to obtain navigation information from GPS. The complexity of the design of the user segment, as well as the performance demanded of the components (such as the antenna), depends on user requirements such as total navigation accuracy. Other factors, for instance the expected satellite/vehicle geometry or the accuracy of an accompanying inertial navigation system, can also affect the user segment design. The interaction between these effects, the user requirements, and the user segment design is studied. Design curves are developed which allow quick trade studies to be performed.

A Design Approach for a GPS User Segment for Aerospace Vehicles

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of modeling and simulation in the design and analysis of a hydraulic rail car stabilization control system. The simulated models have been verified by comparing the simulation results with engineering test data. The simulation was used as a tool to understand the causes of different anomalies observed during system hardware testing, defining solutions to test anomalies, and improving overall system performance.

Gary A. Whitmer

Papers

GPS modeling for designing aerospace vehicle navigation systems

A Design Approach for a GPS User Segment for Aerospace Vehicles

Design, Simulation and Analysis of a Large Scale Hydraulic Stabilization Control System