Survey of advanced suspension developments and related optimal control applications

A power tool includes an output shaft configured to rotate about a longitudinal axis, a motor drivably connected to the output shaft to impart rotary motions thereto, and a rotational motion sensor spatially separated from the output shaft and operable to determine the user-imparted rotational motion of the power tool with respect to the longitudinal axis. A controller is electrically connected to the rotational motion sensor and the motor. The controller determines angular velocity of the power tool about the axis, rotational displacement of the power tool about the axis, and/or a direction of the rotational displacement using input from the rotational motion sensor. The controller then controls the motor according to the angular velocity, the rotational displacement, and/or the direction of the rotational displacement.

Power screwdriver having rotary input control

The article begins with a review of electronic driver assisting systems such as ABS, traction control, electronic stability control, and brake assistant. We then review drive-by-wire systems with and without mechanical backup. Drive-by-wire systems consist of an operating unit with an electrical output, haptic feedback to the driver, bus systems, microcomputers, power electronics, and electrical actuators. For their design safety, integrity methods such as reliability, fault tree and hazard analysis, and risk classification are required. Different fault-tolerance principles with various forms of redundancy are considered, resulting in fail-operational, fail-silent, and fail-safe systems. Fault-detection methods are discussed for use in low-cost components, followed by a review of principles for fault-tolerant design of sensors, actuators, and communication. We evaluate these methods and principles and show how they can be applied to low-cost automotive components and drive-by-wire systems. A brake-by-wire system with electronic pedal and electric brakes is then considered in more detail, showing the design of the components and the overall architecture. Finally, we present conclusions and an outlook for further development of drive-by-wire systems.

Fault-tolerant drive-by-wire systems

VDC, The Vehicle Dynamics Control System of Bosch

A power tool includes a housing, a motor, an output member driven by the motor, and a reaming attachment coupled to the output member. The reaming attachment has a front end portion selectively driven in rotation by the output member to drive a fastener into a workpiece, and a reaming portion selectively driven in rotation by the output member to remove material from an end surface of a conduit. A rotational motion sensor in the housing is operable to detect rotational motion of the housing about an axis. A controller receives a signal indicative of rotational motion from the sensor, determines a direction of the rotational motion of the housing, and drives the motor in a direction corresponding to the direction of rotational motion of the housing.

Power tool having rotary input control

VDC Systems Development and Perspective

Nach der Serieneinfuehrung von ABS und ABS/ASR wird Bosch 1995 mit der Fahrdynamikregelung FDR ein neues aktives Fahrsicherheitssystem einfuehren. FDR gibt dem Fahrer nicht nur verbesserte ABS- und ASR-Grundfunktionen in laengsdynamisch kritischen Situationen bei Vollbremsung und Beschleunigung, sondern auch aktive Unterstuetzung bei querdynamisch kritischen Situationen. Das System verbessert die Fahrstabilitaet in allen Betriebszustaenden, das heisst bei Voll- und Teilbremsung, Freirollen, Antrieb, Schub und Lastwechsel, sobald der fahrdynamische Grenzbereich erreicht wird. Das Fahrverhalten entspricht auch im Grenzbereich dem Erfahrungshorizont des Fahrers und ist damit vorhersehbar. Das neue FDR-System reduziert selbst bei extremen Lenkmanoevern die Schleudergefahr drastisch und ermoeglicht auch in kritischen Verkehrssituationen weitgehend die sichere Beherrschung des Automobils. Diese Vorteile lassen erwarten, dass FDR einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Unfallvermeidung und Schadensbegrenzung leisten wird. Titel in Englisch: VDC - The Vehicle Dynamics Control system of Bosch.

Fdr - die fahrdynamikregelung von bosch

Vehicle handling at the physical limit of adhesion between the tires and the road is extremely difficult. In such situations the driver may be supported by controlling the longitudinal and lateral forces on the tires. The Vehicle Dynamics Control System of Bosch (VDC) does that by controlled braking of individual wheels which makes the vehicle motion approach the nominal motion intended by the driver. It uses signals to derive the driver's intent (steering wheel angle, brake pressure, engine torque) and signals to derive the actual motion of the vehicle (yaw rate, lateral acceleration). The support of the driver is not limited to coasting conditions

FDR: Die Fahrdynamik-regelung von Bosch

Proposed is a rotational-speed sensor produced from a mono-crystalline silicon wafer and having at least a pair of oscillators which are connected by one or more strips to a fixed frame. The osciallators can oscillate in two mutually perpendicular directions. The sensor element is fitted with means for exciting the oscillators to oscillate in a first direction and means for detecting deviations in the oscillations of the oscillators in a second direction perpendicular to the first. In addition, the sensor element has at least one resist on which a fixed electrode designed as a plate-condensor electrode is mounted. Each oscillator forms an opposite electrode of this plate condensor. The connection strips also act as electrical lines for the oscillator exciter current and for leading the oscillator signals in and out.

Georg Pfaff

Papers

VDC, The Vehicle Dynamics Control System of Bosch

VDC Systems Development and Perspective

Fdr - die fahrdynamikregelung von bosch

FDR: Die Fahrdynamik-regelung von Bosch

Micro-mechanical rotational-speed sensor