IA. Cause and Effect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 1.2. Prerequisites of Selforganization . . . . . . . 467 1.2.3. Evolut ion Must S ta r t f rom R andom Even ts 467 1.2.2. Ins t ruc t ion Requires In format ion . . . . 467 1.2.3. In format ion Originates or Gains Value by S e l e c t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 1.2.4. Selection Occurs wi th Special Substances under Special Conditions . . . . . . . . 470

/pdf/selforganization-of-matter-and-the-evolution-of-biological-3ms9rkbxjp.pdf

Selforganization of matter and the evolution of biological macromolecules

The origin of the genetic code.

Dynamic RNA Modifications in Gene Expression Regulation

Codon--anticodon pairing: the wobble hypothesis.

Background: Comparative analysis of RNA sequences is the basis for the detailed and accurate predictions of RNA structure and the determination of phylogenetic relationships for organisms that span the entire phylogenetic tree. Underlying these accomplishments are very large, wellorganized, and processed collections of RNA sequences. This data, starting with the sequences organized into a database management system and aligned to reveal their higher-order structure, and patterns of conservation and variation for organisms that span the phylogenetic tree, has been collected and analyzed. This type of information can be fundamental for and have an influence on the study of phylogenetic relationships, RNA structure, and the melding of these two fields. Results: We have prepared a large web site that disseminates our comparative sequence and structure models and data. The four major types of comparative information and systems available for the three ribosomal RNAs (5S, 16S, and 23S rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and two of the catalytic intron RNAs (group I and group II) are: (1) Current Comparative Structure Models; (2) Nucleotide Frequency and Conservation Information; (3) Sequence and Structure Data; and (4) Data Access Systems. Conclusions: This online RNA sequence and structure information, the result of extensive analysis, interpretation, data collection, and computer program and web development, is accessible at our Comparative RNA Web (CRW) Site [http://www.rna.icmb.utexas.edu] . In the future, more data and information will be added to these existing categories, new categories will be developed, and additional RNAs will be studied and presented at the CRW Site.

/pdf/the-comparative-rna-web-crw-site-an-online-database-of-3qqlqybxhe.pdf

The Comparative RNA Web (CRW) Site: an online database of comparative sequence and structure information for ribosomal, intron, and other RNAs

The complete nucleotide sequence of an alanine transfer RNA, isolated from yeast, has been determined. This is the first nucleic acid for which the structure is known.

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/147/3664/1462.full.pdf

Structure of a Ribonucleic Acid

The nucleotide sequence of a tyrosine transfer ribonucleic acid is described and compared to the known sequence of an alanine transfer RNA. It is possible to construct very similar base-paired models for the two molecules in spite of only limited similarities in sequences. The evidence indicates that the sequence containing guanosine, pseudouridine, and adenosine in the middle of the polynucleotide chain is the anticodon.

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/153/3735/531.full.pdf

George A. Everett

Papers

Structure of a Ribonucleic Acid

Nucleotide sequence of a yeast tyrosine transfer RNA.

Nucleotide sequences in the yeast alanine transfer ribonucleic acid.

Oligonucleotides from Yeast Tyrosine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid

Analyses of Large Oligonucleotide Fragments Obtained from a Yeast Alanine Transfer Ribonucleic Acid by Partial Digestion with Ribonuclease T1