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Competing paradigms in qualitative research.

This review surveys an emergent methodological trend in anthropological research that concerns the adaptation of long-standing modes of ethnographic practices to more complex objects of study. Ethnography moves from its conventional single-site location, contextualized by macro-constructions of a larger social order, such as the capitalist world system, to multiple sites of observation and participation that cross-cut dichotomies such as the “local” and the “global,” the “lifeworld” and the “system.” Resulting ethnographies are therefore both in and out of the world system. The anxieties to which this methodological shift gives rise are considered in terms of testing the limits of ethnography, attenuating the power of fieldwork, and losing the perspective of the subaltern. The emergence of multi-sited ethnography is located within new spheres of interdisciplinary work, including media studies, science and technology studies, and cultural studies broadly. Several “tracking” strategies that shape multi-site...

http://anthro.vancouver.wsu.edu/media/Course_files/anth-490-edward-h-hagen/marcus-1995-ethnography-in-of-the-world-system_the-emergence-of-multi-sited-ethnography.pdf

Ethnography in/of the World System: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography

In 1974 an article appeared in Science magazine with the dry-sounding title “Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases” by a pair of psychologists who were not well known outside their discipline of decision theory. In it Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman introduced the world to Prospect Theory, which mapped out how humans actually behave when faced with decisions about gains and losses, in contrast to how economists assumed that people behave. Prospect Theory turned Economics on its head by demonstrating through a series of ingenious experiments that people are much more concerned with losses than they are with gains, and that framing a choice from one perspective or the other will result in decisions that are exactly the opposite of each other, even if the outcomes are monetarily the same. Prospect Theory led cognitive psychology in a new direction that began to uncover other human biases in thinking that are probably not learned but are part of our brain’s wiring.

Thinking fast and slow.

The era of Big Data has begun. Computer scientists, physicists, economists, mathematicians, political scientists, bio-informaticists, sociologists, and other scholars are clamoring for access to the massive quantities of information produced by and about people, things, and their interactions. Diverse groups argue about the potential benefits and costs of analyzing genetic sequences, social media interactions, health records, phone logs, government records, and other digital traces left by people. Significant questions emerge. Will large-scale search data help us create better tools, services, and public goods? Or will it usher in a new wave of privacy incursions and invasive marketing? Will data analytics help us understand online communities and political movements? Or will it be used to track protesters and suppress speech? Will it transform how we study human communication and culture, or narrow the palette of research options and alter what ‘research’ means? Given the rise of Big Data as a socio-tech...

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Critical questions for big data

萨义德以其独特的双重身份,对西方中心权力话语做了分析,通过对文学作品、演讲演说等文本的解读,将O rie n ta lis m——"东方学",做了三重释义:一门学科、一种思维方式和一种权力话语系统,对东方学权力话语做了系统的批判,同时将东方学放入空间维度对东方学文本做了细致的解读。

萨义德的“Orientalism”释义

Jocelyn Linnekin, Children of the Land: Exchange and Status in a Hawaiian Community

Emotion is an increasing influential area of research in psychology, political psychology, political science and other social sciences. Research is best when driven by theory because the absence of theory generates research that is subject to vagaries of meaning, interpretation, and lack of coherence, study to study. In brief, theory provides essential foundations that enable scientific explanations to be rigorously tested. As I demonstrate below, absence of, or reliance on, incomplete theories have generated results that are demonstrably flawed. I evaluate the extent to which current emotion research programs rely on a full blown theory. The programs under consideration, in alphabetical order, are: appraisal theories in psychology and political science; emotion regulation; and, valence based accounts. After a brief overview of the elements, individually and collectively, that constitute a theory of emotion. I find this worthy ambition awaits fulfillment. 

Evaluating the Status of Theories of Emotion in Political Science and Psychology

Emotion is an increasingly influential area of research in psychology, political psychology, political science, and other social sciences. Research is best when driven by theory because the absence of theory generates research that can lack coherence and precision of language and meaning from one study to another, from one program of research to another. In brief, a theory provides essential binding foundations that enable scientific explanations to be rigorously tested. Furthermore, reliance on incomplete or unsound theories tends to generate flawed results. I evaluate four current emotion research programs to assess whether each constitutes a comprehensive theory of emotion. The programs under consideration, in alphabetical order, are appraisal theories in psychology and in political science, emotion regulation, and valence-based accounts. A review of the elements that constitute a theory of emotion of each of these programs persuades me that each has weaknesses that should be addressed. In sum, I find that the ambition to have a comprehensive theory of emotion awaits fulfillment.

/pdf/evaluating-the-status-of-theories-of-emotion-in-political-1gnmetdc.pdf

Evaluating the status of theories of emotion in political science and psychology

define the concept of elites and to search for a theory or theories of elite recruitment, behavior, and significance. Their efforts, however, have not been particularly fruitful. The volume brings us no nearer either to a usable definition or to a theory of elites. Its chief value lies in its empirical contributions-modest but interesting evidence concerning the historical settings of the pieces presented in a curiously journalistic style. As with all collections, the essays vary in quality. The table of contents reveals the diversity of the book's themes. Marcus provides a number of introductory chapters that-in occasionally jarring, jargonfilled prose-attempt to set forth the problem, review the literature (bypassing most works by historians), and offer some unifying generalizations, which unfortunately remain thin and unconvincing. Much more satisfying is his later chapter, "The Fiduciary Role in American Family Dynasties and their Institutional Legacy." After a historical introduction that relies heavily on Hall's brilliant and original doctoral dissertation, Marcus offers a slim but useful description of how one fiduciary mediated between the head of a Texas family and its other members. Ronald Cohen writes on "Elite Theory and the Formation of Elites among the Bura Intellectuals of Nigeria." F. G. Bailey discusses "The Ordered World of the [British] University Administrator." Carol J. Greenhouse's "Being and Doing: Competing Concepts of Elite Status in an American Suburb" is not about white-collar individuals in Westchester but about Baptists and some businessmen in a small Georgia

George E. Marcus

Papers

Jocelyn Linnekin, Children of the Land: Exchange and Status in a Hawaiian Community

Evaluating the Status of Theories of Emotion in Political Science and Psychology

Evaluating the status of theories of emotion in political science and psychology

Elites has been adapted from papers presented by a group of anthropol- ogists at a seminar on elite studies in 1979. The contributors seek to

Elite Cultures. Anthropological Perspectives