다중혈관 관상동맥 환자에서 y-문합을 이용하여 양쪽 내흉동맥만을 사용한 우회술의 조기 성적

To study the operational behaviour of λ-terms, we will use the denotational (mathematical) approach. A denotational semantics for a language is based on the choice of a space of semantics values, or denotations, where terms are to be interpreted. Choosing a space with nice mathematical properties can help in proving the semantic properties of terms, since to this aim standard mathematical techniques can be used.

λ Δ -Models

Public awareness of the need to reduce global warming and the significant increase in the prices of conventional energy sources have encouraged many countries to provide new energy policies that promote the renewable energy applications. Such renewable energy sources like wind, solar, hydro based energies, etc. are environment friendly and have potential to be more widely used. Combining these renewable energy sources with back-up units to form a hybrid system can provide a more economic, environment friendly and reliable supply of electricity in all load demand conditions compared to single-use of such systems. One of the most important issues in this type of hybrid system is to optimally size the hybrid system components as sufficient enough to meet all load requirements with possible minimum investment and operating costs. There are many studies about the optimization and sizing of hybrid renewable energy systems since the recent popular utilization of renewable energy sources. In this concept, this paper provides a detailed analysis of such optimum sizing approaches in the literature that can make significant contributions to wider renewable energy penetration by enhancing the system applicability in terms of economy.

Optimum design of hybrid renewable energy systems: Overview of different approaches

The demand for electricity is increasing day by day, which cannot be fulfilled by non-renewable energy sources alone. Renewable energy sources such as solar and wind are omnipresent and environmental friendly. The renewable emulnergy sources are emerging options to fulfill the energy demand, but unreliable due to the stochastic nature of their occurrence. Hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) combines two or more renewable energy sources like wind turbine and solar system. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of various aspects of HRES. This paper discusses prefeasibility analysis, optimum sizing, modeling, control aspects and reliability issues. The application of evolutionary technique and game theory in hybrid renewable energy is also presented in this paper.

Solar–wind hybrid renewable energy system: A review

Online fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in providing the required fault tolerance to drive systems used in safety-critical applications. Short-circuit faults are among the common faults occurring in electrical machines. This paper presents a review of existing techniques available for online stator interturn fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) in electrical machines. Special attention is given to short-circuit-fault diagnosis in permanent-magnet machines, which are fast replacing traditional machines in a wide variety of applications. Recent techniques that use signals analysis, models, or knowledge-based systems for FDD are reviewed in this paper. Motor current is the most commonly analyzed signal for fault diagnosis. Hence, motor current signature analysis is a topic of elaborate discussion in this paper. Additionally, parametric and finite-element models that were designed to simulate interturn-fault conditions are reviewed.

Recent Advances in Modeling and Online Detection of Stator Interturn Faults in Electrical Motors

This paper focuses on the development of a deterministic approach for optimum sizing of the hybrid power systems (PV/wind/battery/diesel and PV/wind/diesel) based on the DIviding RECTangles (DIRECT) algorithm, which can attain the optimum values of commercially available system devices ensuring that the system total investment cost is minimized while guaranteeing the electricity requirements of the customers and the safety of the system. The hybrid power systems are assumed to be installed at an Experimental Remote Ecological Area (EREA), France, with 5-year period of average hourly data (solar radiation, wind speed, ambient temperature and electrical power demand of the load). Finally, the optimum values obtained of the system components during a period of 20-year are obtained including the number of PV modules, the PV module surface area, the number of wind turbines, the wind turbine installation height, the battery bank number and the diesel generator operating hours with their lowest system total investment costs. Additionally, a detailed analysis of the System Total Investment Cost (STIC), structure of the hybrid PV/wind/battery/diesel power system and an impact of optimum system configuration on system performance are compared and discussed in the case studied.

https://www.ijrer.org/ijrer/index.php/ijrer/article/viewFile/381/pdf

Deterministic Optimization and Cost Analysis of Hybrid PV/Wind/Battery/Diesel Power System

Comparison of hybrid analytical modelling and reluctance network modelling for pre-design purposes

A quasi-three-dimensional (3D) analytical model of the magnetic field in an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (AFPMSM) is presented. This model is derived from an exact 2D analytical solution of magnetic field extended to the 3D case by a simple and effective radial dependence modeling of the magnetic field. The obtained quasi-3D solution allows rapid parametric studies of airgap magnetic field. Then, an analytical modeling of the cogging torque is presented. It is based on the obtained quasi-3D analytical solution. Results issued from the proposed model in the airgap are compared with those stemming from a 3D finite elements method (FEM) simulation as well as with prototype measured values.

Georges Barakat

Papers

Deterministic Optimization and Cost Analysis of Hybrid PV/Wind/Battery/Diesel Power System

Comparison of hybrid analytical modelling and reluctance network modelling for pre-design purposes

Quasi-3D analytical modeling of the magnetic field of an axial flux permanent magnet synchronous machine

Vibration-based Fault Diagnosis Approach for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors

An accurate model of squirrel cage induction machines under stator faults