A carbon dioxide storage system includes a container and a conduit attached to the container for introducing or removing a carbon dioxide-containing composition from the container. A carbon dioxide storage material is positioned within the container. The carbon dioxide-storage material includes a metal-organic framework, which has a sufficient surface area to store at least 10 carbon dioxide molecules per formula unit of the metal-organic framework at a temperature of about 25° C.

Metal-organic frameworks with exceptionally high capacity for storage of carbon dioxide at room-temperature

A gas storage material contains a metal-organic framework that includes a plurality of metal clusters and a plurality of charged multidentate linking ligands that connect adjacent metal clusters. Each metal cluster includes one or more metal ions and at least one open metal site. The metal-organic framework includes one or more sites for storing molecular hydrogen. A hydrogen storage system using the hydrogen storage material is provided.

https://www.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/anie.200462787

High gas adsorption in a microporous metal-organic framework with open-metal sites

Dividing wall column (DWC) is a single shell, fully thermally coupled distillation column capable of separating mixtures of three or more components into high purity products. Compared to conventional columns-in-series and/or in-parallel configurations a DWC requires much less energy, capital and space. This makes DWC to something that corresponds with the present day idea of sustainable process technology. Based on published papers and patent literature this paper aims to give a complete overview of the work done so far on the research and implementation of DWCs, from early ideas on thermal coupling of distillation columns to practical issues that needed to be solved for their successful implementation. Approaches to short-cut and rigorous simulation, optimization, and control are highlighted, with particular focus on column internals and dimensioning, which is only conceptually considered in academic publications. A survey of relevant patents is included providing information on equipment innovations and application areas of industrial interest. Finally authors look at what is needed on research and engineering side to enable maximization of potential gains by building DWCs for obtaining four or even more products containing two or more partition walls in parallel, which is something not yet attempted in industrial practice.

Dividing wall column—A breakthrough towards sustainable distilling

Dividing wall columns in chemical process industry: A review on current activities

A process for producing ethanol including a combination of biochemical and synthetic conversions results in high yield ethanol production with concurrent production of high value coproducts. An acetic acid intermediate is produced from carbohydrates, such as corn, using enzymatic milling and fermentation steps, followed by conversion of the acetic acid into ethanol using esterification and hydrogenation reactions. Coproducts can include corn oil, and high protein animal feed containing the biomass produced in the fermentation.

Process for producing ethanol

Different distillation sequences for the separation of near-ideal multicomponent mixtures have been proposed in the past. These sequences included both conventional and thermally coupled distillations. Investigations of these sequences based on thermodynamics and steady-state simulations aimed for identifying the economic and energetic favourable configuration. Dividing wall columns have shown to be superior to conventional distillation sequences in certain cases. For this reason dividing wall columns gained increasing application in the last years. More than 90 applications in production scale are known. The advantages are obvious. Depending on the case considered the energy and investment costs are reduced up to 30% compared to conventional technologies. The footprint is significantly smaller. Also advantageous is the higher flexibility of these systems in comparison to conventional column sequences. For temperature-sensitive products the thermal stress is reduced since the product is reboiled only once. Especially for high price products the product quality can be raised by simultaneously increasing the separation yield. An overview about fundamentals, applications, limitations and recent advances will be given in the paper.

Dividing wall columns: Fundamentals and recent advances

Ethanol is prepared by hydrogenating acetic acid under superatmospheric pressure and at elevated temperatures by a process wherein a predominantly cobalt-containing catalyst is used and acetic acid and hydrogen are passed through the reactor, at from 210° to 330° C. and under from 10 to 350 bar, under conditions such that a liquid phase in not formed during this procedure.

Continuous preparation of ethanol

The invention relates to a process for the catalytic hydrogenation of 2,5- and 2,3-dihydrofurane with hydrogen to form tetrahydrofurane Use is made of a catalyser in which one or more metals are deposited on a metal wire mesh or metal foil carrier by vacuum evaporation or sputtering

Process for hydrogenating dihydrofuranes to tetrahydrofuranes

The invention relates to a method for treating a C4 fraction, comprising the following steps: extractive distillation (I), selective hydrogenation on a heterogeneous catalyst (II), a stream of crude 1,3-butadiene resulting from steps (I) and (II); and distillation of said stream of crude 1,3-butadiene in order to obtain pure 1,3-butadiene (III). Steps I and II take place in a single column or in thermally coupled columns and step III is carried out in a second column.

Method and device for treating a c4 fraction

In a dividing wall column comprising as segments a) an upper column region ( 6 ), b) an inflow section ( 7 ), c) an offtake section ( 8 ) and d) a lower column region ( 9 ), the inflow section b) ( 7 ) and the offtake section c) ( 8 ) are separated from one another laterally by a dividing wall ( 10 ) fixed in the column and the dividing wall ( 10 ) is located between the upper column region a) ( 6 ) and the lower column region d) ( 9 ) The present invention provides for the dividing wall ( 10 ) to be constructed at least partly of an elastic material, the dividing wall ( 10 ) to have a slightly overdimensional width and the dividing wall ( 10 ) to be fixed in the column by the dividing wall exercising an elastic recovery force on the interior wall of the column The dividing wall can easily be installed in, in particular, relatively small columns

Gerd Kaibel

Papers

Dividing wall columns: Fundamentals and recent advances

Continuous preparation of ethanol

Process for hydrogenating dihydrofuranes to tetrahydrofuranes

Method and device for treating a c4 fraction

Dividing wall column