We present a comprehensive review of the Hough transform, HT, in image processing and computer vision. It has long been recognized as a technique of almost unique promise for shape and motion analysis in images containing noisy, missing, and extraneous data but its adoption has been slow due to its computational and storage complexity and the lack of a detailed understanding of its properties. However, in recent years much progress has been made in these areas. In this review we discuss ideas for the efficient implementation of the HT and present results on the analytic and empirical performance of various methods. We also report the relationship of Hough methods and other transforms and consider applications in which the HT has been used. It seems likely that the HT will be an increasingly used technique and we hope that this survey will provide a useful guide to quickly acquaint researchers with the main literature in this research area.

A survey of the Hough transform

A comprehensive survey of thinning methodologies is presented. A wide range of thinning algorithms, including iterative deletion of pixels and nonpixel-based methods, is covered. Skeletonization algorithms based on medial axis and other distance transforms are not considered. An overview of the iterative thinning process and the pixel-deletion criteria needed to preserve the connectivity of the image pattern is given first. Thinning algorithms are then considered in terms of these criteria and their modes of operation. Nonpixel-based methods that usually produce a center line of the pattern directly in one pass without examining all the individual pixels are discussed. The algorithms are considered in great detail and scope, and the relationships among them are explored. >

Thinning methodologies-a comprehensive survey

1. Introduction to text mining 2. Core text mining operations 3. Text mining preprocessing techniques 4. Categorization 5. Clustering 6. Information extraction 7. Probabilistic models for Information extraction 8. Preprocessing applications using probabilistic and hybrid approaches 9. Presentation-layer considerations for browsing and query refinement 10. Visualization approaches 11. Link analysis 12. Text mining applications Appendix Bibliography.

/pdf/the-text-mining-handbook-advanced-approaches-in-analyzing-ge55wa29fm.pdf

The Text Mining Handbook: Advanced Approaches in Analyzing Unstructured Data

Maps depict natural and human-induced changes on earth at a fine resolution for large areas and over long periods of time. In addition, maps—especially historical maps—are often the only information source about the earth as surveyed using geodetic techniques. In order to preserve these unique documents, increasing numbers of digital map archives have been established, driven by advances in software and hardware technologies. Since the early 1980s, researchers from a variety of disciplines, including computer science and geography, have been working on computational methods for the extraction and recognition of geographic features from archived images of maps (digital map processing). The typical result from map processing is geographic information that can be used in spatial and spatiotemporal analyses in a Geographic Information System environment, which benefits numerous research fields in the spatial, social, environmental, and health sciences. However, map processing literature is spread across a broad range of disciplines in which maps are included as a special type of image. This article presents an overview of existing map processing techniques, with the goal of bringing together the past and current research efforts in this interdisciplinary field, to characterize the advances that have been made, and to identify future research directions and opportunities.

A Survey of Digital Map Processing Techniques

https://romisatriawahono.net/lecture/rm/survey/computer%20vision/Mukhopadhyay%20-%20Hough%20Transform%20-%202014.pdf

A survey of Hough Transform

The paper presents work in the field of logo and word recognition. The approach is based on a general theory for signal registration and is thus applicable to a broad variety of signal processing domains. It has been fruitfully applied to solve speech and handwriting recognition as well as tasks in the field of document analysis.

https://www.computer.org/csdl/pds/api/csdl/proceedings/download-article/12OmNzX6cqy/pdf

Logo and word matching using a general approach to signal registration

Classification of documents by form and content

lation, does not produce a sufficient clean differ'4B-m ence image for text recognition. In analogy to this subtraction we propose the The proposed method has the aim to name 'symbolic subtraction' for our new separate the filled in (typed or handwritten) approach in this paper: the 'symbolic difference' information in a form, from the fixed preprinted Sym(FF)-Sym(BF) means the recognition of the textual and graphical information of the blank filled-in text using the models of FF and BF. form. It is a n extension of document analysis . -~~

/pdf/symbolic-subtraction-of-fixed-formatted-graphics-and-text-39jpq5nsj0.pdf

'symbolic subtraction' of fixed formatted graphics and text from filled in forms

For each pixel, a non-linear transformation of the RGB (RED/GREEN/BLUE) representation is carried out, in which process an imagined RGB colour space, the three dimensions of which are represented by the colour parameters R, G and B and in which the relevant information word represents one space vector, is divided into colour-specific graduations which are equal with respect to sensation, so that a colour space having differently large volume elements in the RGB colour space is obtained. The method leads to an advantageous data reduction.

Method of colour space encoding digital colour video signals, and system using such a method

The paper presents a system for automatic extraction of high level information from land register maps, e.g. parcels, buildings or roads. The system uses explicit knowledge of the map, which is given by the legend of the map, the drawing rules, and the constraints by functionality. The knowledge is represented by frames and semantic networks. The system uses four levels of representation and processing and a mixed strategy by feedback cycles between the levels. Results are presented for extraction of legal information (parcels and boundary stones) and topographic information (buildings, roads, sidewalls, farmland) from land register maps of scale 1:1000 and 1:5000. The precision of the extracted legal information is sufficient for the given task.

Gerd Maderlechner

Papers

Logo and word matching using a general approach to signal registration

Classification of documents by form and content

'symbolic subtraction' of fixed formatted graphics and text from filled in forms

Method of colour space encoding digital colour video signals, and system using such a method

Conversion of high level information from scanned maps into geographic information systems