Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to a device for correcting the polarity of electricity in a circuit. In direct current circuits, a positive voltage received from a power source will exit the device at a predetermined output regardless of which input of the device received the positive voltage. In alternating current circuits, one or more currents received from a hot output(s) of a power source will be connected to a predetermined output(s) of the device regardless of which input(s) received the current(s).

Polarity correcting device

Four rotating magnets, driven by the engine, induce in two or more windings a charging pulse, a discharging pulse, and a control pulse, the latter pulse in certain embodiments being identical with the charging pulse. The control pulse, the value of which is engine rpm-dependent, causes a normally open circuit shunting the ignition capacitor to close when the engine rpm exceeds the permissible maximum, thereby discharging the ignition capacitor and preventing it from furnishing electrical energy to the spark coil. In this way, the engine rpm is limited to safe values.

Ignition arrangement for internal combustion engines

A high-voltage switch, in particular for the ignition installation of internal combustion engines, is characterized by having an electronic, voltage-controlled high-voltage switching element that switches abruptly over from the blocking state to the conductive state at a preselectionable and predetermined voltage. Preferably, breakover diodes (8) connected in cascade are used which only transmit the voltage to the secondary winding (5) of an ignition coil (1) when the ignition voltage is reached at the ignition plug (7) of an internal combustion engine.

High-voltage switch

Method and apparatus for providing improved combustion in an internal combustion engine by spark-ignition of fuel that is directly injected into cylinders to present a stratified fuel-air mixture at time of ignition. Reduced mixing of the fuel and air prior to ignition and thus greater stratification permits improved control of the combustion process to increase power and reduce pollutant emissions.

Method and apparatus for fuel injection-spark ignition system for an internal combustion engine

Host cells may be treated for an infection or a hyperproliferative disorder which is characterized by the presence, in the affected cells, of a trans-acting factor capable of regulating gene expression by inserting into the cells a polynucleotide construct having a cis-acting regulatory sequence which is regulated by the trans-acting factor and an effector gene which renders said cell susceptible to protection or destruction. For example, the cis-acting region may be homologous to the HIV tar region, and the effector gene may encode ricin A or HSV-1 thymidine kinase. Upon infection with HIV, the HIV tat protein activates the tar region, and induces transcription and expression of ricin A, resulting in cell death, or of HSV-1 tk, resulting in cell death upon treatment with dideoxynucleoside agents such as acyclovir and gancyclovir.

Methods and polynucleotide constructs for treating host cells for infection or hyperproliferative disorders

To provide a first accurately timed ignition impulse for any one ignition event, and then, selectively, one or more ignition pulses, in accordance with sensed or existing operating parameters of the engine, a first ignition pulse is generated, accurately, in accordance with timing as determined by an ignition timing stage; a frequency generator is selectively enabled upon the presence or absence of operating parameters at certain values to provide sequential ignition pulses after the first, accurately timed ignition pulse has been provided.

Controlled ignition system for an internal combustion engine to provide, selectively, one or more ignition pulses for any ignition event

To improve the operation of semiconductor control ignition systems under widely varying supply voltage conditions, a voltage divider having a division tap point is connected in parallel to the main switching part of the switching transistor of the ignition system, and a voltage breakdown element, typically a Zener diode is connected from the tap point to the control electrodes of the semiconductor switch to provide an additional control voltage thereto if the voltage at the tap point exceeds a value leading to breakdown of the breakdown device (Zener diode); the main control circuit for the main ignition transistor may be conventional.

Semiconductor controlled ignition systems for internal combustion engines

ion engine by inhibiting the ignition or fuel injection pulses. A voltage generator in the form of an alternating current generator is mechanically coupled to the engine and produces a cyclic voltage from which monitoring pulses are derived. The amplitudes of the monitoring pulses are made dependent upon the rotational speed of the engine, and when the speed exceeds a predetermined magnitude, the level of the pulses also exceed a predetermined magnitude. A transistor switch becomes actuated when the monitoring pulses exceed the predetermined magnitude in amplitude, and thereby prevents the application of further ignition or fuel injection pulses by short-circuiting the alternating current generator. A monostable multivibrator is also actuated so that inhibition of the ignition or fuel injection pulses is realized for at least a time interval corresponding to the prevalence of the next oncoming ignition or fuel injection pulse. The alternating current generator may be one in which the rotor is unsymmetrically mounted with respect to the stator poles.

Arrangement for limiting the speed of internal combustion engines

Light-operated control apparatus for a combustion engine

To permit continued operation of a vehicle in spite of malfunction of an electronic ignition computer system, or any other electronic control module in an automotive vehicle, a transducer (10) provides an output to a trigger stage which has its output connected a digitally operating microprocessor (17) and to a bypass or transfer switch (21). The output from the microprocessor is connected to an analog and operating output stage (19, 20) to be controlled by the digital system of the microprocessor (17). Upon sensing of low operating voltage (U) as determined, for example, by a threshold switch (22), or of starting condition the switch (21) is closed, bypassing or interrupting connection to the microprocessor, and directly connecting signals from the transducer output stage to the input of the ignition circuit to permit operation under emergency conditions. The analog portion of the system is a single integrated module, separate from the digitally operating microprocessor (17) for ease of error diagnosis, maintenance and repair. This is particularly important with digitally operating control systems (17) which are subject to malfunction under low voltage conditions or upon occurrence of stray or distrubance signals in the network, for example under starting conditions.

Gerhard Sohner

Papers

Controlled ignition system for an internal combustion engine to provide, selectively, one or more ignition pulses for any ignition event

Semiconductor controlled ignition systems for internal combustion engines

Arrangement for limiting the speed of internal combustion engines

Light-operated control apparatus for a combustion engine

Electronic engine control system with emergency operation mode