Taxonomical and phylogenetical studies have used anatomical information. In order to contribute to these studies, paradermal and cross sections of the median leaf blade portion of Campomanesia adamantium (Camb.) O. Berg, Myrcia cordiifolia DC., M. decrescens O. Berg and M. torta D.C. were examined. The anatomical characters were compared to the other species described in the literature. Some characteristics were irrespective of the four examined species: unistratified epidermis, unicellular trichomes, hypostomatic leaves, paracytic stomata, oil glands on both sides, dorsiventral mesophyll and bicollateral bundles on the midrib. The following characters appear to be taxonomically useful in the family: epidermal common cell format, presence of dibrachiate trichomes, presence of colorless subepidermal cell layers and midrib shape. The morphology and number of overlying cells associated with the glands have taxonomic utility. The 144 exsicates examination showed that the glabrescence is a widespread phenomenon in the Myrtaceae. The trichome fall can be due to its narrow base and to the foot cell absence. The characters were analyzed in the light of recent phylogenetic studies, highlighting the hypothesis related to the presence of epidermal cells with possible transfer cell function. The anatomical features provided data for wider comparative analysis amongst Myrtaceae taxa and ensured the construction of a cladogram, where Leptospermum and Eucalyptus species occupied the basal position, in line with reported phylogenies.

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Anatomia foliar de espécies de Myrtaceae: contribuições à taxonomia e filogenia

– (Leaf anatomy of Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) in urban and rural environments, Sao Paulo State, Brazil). The aim ofthis study was to compare leaves of Eugenia uniflora from the city of Sao Paulo with leaves of plants from a rural site. Leaf size, tissuethickness, and stomatal and crystal density of E . uniflora growing at two sites in the city of Sao Paulo were investigated by lightmicroscopy and compared with samples from a rural area. The level and types of air pollutants varied at the urban sites. Primarypollutants were present on Bandeirantes Avenue and secondary ones in the park (Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga - PEFI). Urbanleaves were smaller, thinner and with higher stomatal and crystal density. We observed greater spongy parenchyma thickness in le avesfrom the avenue when compared to those from the park. No qualitative differences were observed between urban and rural leaves. Leavesfrom the two urban sites showed similarities, but were different from rural leaves, so we believe that the differences observed may beattributed to the polluted environment of Sao Paulo. In order to confirm this hypothesis, control experiments should be done.

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Análise estrutural de folhas de Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) coletadas em ambientes rural e urbano, SP, Brasil

Eugenia uniflora and Clusia hilariana seedlings were submitted to simulated acid rain, pH 3, for 40 days. The degree of visible injury and the anatomical and micromorphological alterations were determined 24 hours after the last simulation. E. uniflora presented a higher degree of leaf necrosis. The adaxial epidermis and part of the palisade parenchyma of the entire leaf blade were affected and hypertrophy, hyperplasia and cicatrization tissue differentiation occurred. Erosion and morphological modification of the epicuticular wax and alterations in the epidermis were detected on the upper and lower leaf surfaces. Stomata with deformed ostioles and rupture of the stomatal ledge were observed. C. hilariana presented necrosis in leaf margin and in abaxial leaf surface, showing collapsed cells or with plasmolized aspect, cicatrization tissue, epicuticular wax alterations, occasional leaf perforations, irregular arrangement of adaxial epidermis cells and twisted subsidiary cells. The structural alterations indicated a greater susceptibility of E. uniflora to acid rain. he lower sensibility of C. hilariana can be related with the anatomical characteristics as: thick cuticle with evident cuticular flanges, three layers of hypodermis and mesophyll more thick and compact.

Micromorphological and anatomical alterations caused by simulated acid rain in restinga plants: eugenia uniflora and clusia hilariana

A comparative anatomical and morphological study on the petioles and leaves of 10 neotropical Rondeletia species (representing 10 sections) has been made in order to investigate interspecific variations which may be useful in species identification. All species have bifacial and hypostomatic leaves, contain tannins and crystal sand. The central vascular bundle in the petiole and the midrib are open to the upper side and are collateral. The species differ in presence or absence of non-glandular trichomes, in the structure of the petiole and leaf blade. A combination of these characters may be useful in species identification. The results, however, do not support the classification into 10 sections but provide a comprehensive petiole and leaf anatomical and morphological character-set typical for the genus.

Comparative leaf anatomy and morphology of some neotropical Rondeletia (Rubiaceae) species

O intuito deste trabalho de pesquisa foi obter parâmetros de controle de qualidade para a identificacao da materia-prima vegetal (folha) de Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L. R. Landrum - Myrtaceae que ocorre no cerrado brasileiro. Para tanto foram coletadas amostras em Minas Gerais - Brasil e no Distrito Federal - Brasil e as exsicatas foram depositadas no Herbario da UFG n. UFG-27.159 e no Herbario Ezechias Paulo Heringer n. 21.745-0, respectivamente. Parte desse material botânico foi preparada para analises macro e microscopicas. Outra parte foi seca, triturada e usada para a triagem fitoquimica. O estudo mostrou que as folhas de P. pseudocaryophyllus sao hipoestomaticas, tem grande quantidade de tricomas unicelulares na superficie abaxial, tem cavidades secretoras contendo compostos lipidicos e as celulas epidermicas possuem paredes celulares espessas. Na triagem fitoquimica foram detectados compostos fenolicos, taninos e flavonoides. Os taninos foram dosados por diferentes metodos envolvendo reacoes colorimetricas e de precipitacao com proteinas. Os diferentes resultados verificados chamam a atencao para a necessidade de se especificar o metodo utilizado juntamente com o limite minimo de taninos totais estabelecido. Os resultados obtidos configuram-se como importantes parâmetros para o controle de qualidade da materia-prima vegetal e denotam que a especie em estudo possui um importante potencial fitoterapico que merece ser investigado em estudos farmacologicos e toxicologicos.

https://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbfar/v18n2/22.pdf

Estudo farmacognóstico das folhas de Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) L.R. Landrum - Myrtaceae

Foliar anatomy and micromorphology of eleven species of Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae)

A lâmina foliar de Eugenia sulcata Spring ex Mart, e analisada, ressaltando-se aspectos de suas epidermes, a luz da microscopia optica e da microscopia eletronica de transmissao e de varredura. As paredes anticlinais destas celulas sao sinuosas e as periclinais externas tem espessura nao uniforme, em decorrencia de projecoes internas destas paredes. Ao microscopio eletronico de transmissao tais paredes apresentam-se constituidas por 3 camadas distintas. O microscopio eletronico de varredura mostra completa ausencia de estriacoes na superficie externa da epiderme abaxial. Os estomatos sao classificados como anomoestaurociticos quanto ao numero e arranjo das celulas subsidiarias e considerados graminoides em funcao do espessamento desigual das celulas estomaticas. A lâmina foliar tem estrutura dorsiventral, ocorrendo no mesofilo bolsas secretoras em posicao subepidermica.

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Anatomia foliar de Eugenia sulcata Spring ex Mart. (Myrtaceae)

Foi estudada em Cassia macranthera D. C., a anatomia do desenvolvimento de todos os verticilos florais, bem como a formacao dos graos de polen, a germinacao destes e a formacao do ovulo. Como caracteristicas anatomicas principais evidenciou-se: desenvolvimento nao-simultâneo dos verticilos florais; desenvoivimento simultâneo das sete anteras, dos tecidos esporogenicos e semeihanca das estruturas das anteras; conteudo acucarado em certos tecidos da antera, em tricomas situados entre as bases das pecas florais, bem como na epiderme que reveste o loculo do ovario; estratos esclerificados sob a epiderme das anteras, o que impede a deiscencia; e a fertilidade de todas as anteras.

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Anatomia do desenvolvimento floral de Cassia macranthera DC. ex Peckolt. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoidae)

No estudo anatomico da flor de Cassia muitijuga Rich., chamou-nos atencao as seguintes ocorrencias: desenvolvimento nao simultâneo dos verticilos florais; presenca de tecido nectarifero nos frisos laterais das anteras; desenvolvimento simultâneo das celulas esporogenicas em todas as sete anteras; pelos pluricelulares de receptaculo com conteudo rico em acucar; presenca de polen fertil em todas as anteras; estratos esclerificados abaixo da epiderme da antera, o que impede a deiscencia rimosa.

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Gerusa Brunow Fontenelle

Papers

Foliar anatomy and micromorphology of eleven species of Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae)

Anatomia foliar de Eugenia sulcata Spring ex Mart. (Myrtaceae)

Anatomia do desenvolvimento floral de Cassia macranthera DC. ex Peckolt. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoidae)

Anatomia do desenvolvimento floral de Cassia multijuga Rich. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoidae)