Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction

Chitosan is mainly derived from seafood by-products and the thereof chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) are known as nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable and functionalized nanostructures. CNPs, as green fillers, showed an appropriate potential in reinforcement of various biodegradable composites for food packaging and biomedical applications. After evaluation of different fabrication approaches and characterization techniques of CNPs, the changes in physical, mechanical, thermal, structural, morphological, and antimicrobial attributes of nanobiocomposites as a result of CNPs addition are discussed. The influence of bioactive loaded-CNPs and hybrid CNPs with metal nanoparticles, graphene, and montmorillonite in nanocomposites is also presented. Finally, the safety aspects of CNPs-loaded structures are highlighted to evaluate their implementation in food packaging and biomedical systems. It can be concluded that regardless of a few drawbacks, CNPs are promising nanomaterials to improve various operational, structural and antimicrobial properties of biocomposites for various applications in food packaging, delivery systems and biomedical uses.

A comprehensive review on the nanocomposites loaded with chitosan nanoparticles for food packaging.

The proximate composition, vitamin C, I±-tocopherol, dietary fibers, minerals, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of three tropical edible seaweeds, Eucheuma cottonii (Rhodophyta), Caulerpa lentillifera (Chlorophyta) and Sargassum polycystum (Phaeophyta) were studied. The seaweeds were high in ash (37.15â€“46.19%) and dietary fibers (25.05â€“39.67%) and low in lipid content (0.29â€“1.11%) on dry weight (DW) basis. These seaweeds contained 12.01â€“15.53% macro-minerals (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and 7.53â€“71.53 mg.100 gâˆ’1 trace minerals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se and I). The crude protein content of E. cottonii (9.76% DW) and C. lentillifera (10.41% DW) were higher than that of S. polycystum (5.4% DW), and protein chemical scores are between 20 and 67%. The PUFA content of E. cottonii was 51.55%, C. lentillifera 16.76% and S. polycystum 20.34%. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), accounted for 24.98% of all fatty acids in E. cottonii.
These seaweeds have significant vitamin C (âˆ¼35 mg.100 gâˆ’1) and I±-tocopherol (5.85â€“11.29 mg.100 gâˆ’1) contents.

Nutrient content of tropical edible seaweeds, Eucheuma cottonii, Caulerpa lentillifera and Sargassum polycystum. J Appl Phycol

Polysaccharide-based nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy: A review.

Quorum sensing (QS) is a cell density dependent regulatory process that uses signaling molecules to manage the expression of virulence genes and biofilm formation. The study of QS inhibitors has emerged as one of the most fascinating areas of research to discover novel antimicrobial agents. Compounds that block QS have become candidates as unusual antimicrobial agents, as they are leading players in the regulation of virulence of drug-resistant pathogens. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles offer novel alternatives to combat antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria aiming their capacity as QS inhibitors. This review provides an insight into the quorum quenching potential of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles by targeting QS regulated virulence of Gram-negative bacteria.

Quorum quenching: role of nanoparticles as signal jammers in Gram-negative bacteria.

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Background: Lead is one of the most toxic metals, producing severe organ damage in animals and humans. Oxidative stress is reported to play an important role in lead acetate-induced liver injury. Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the role of ethanol extract of Eucheuma cottonii in protecting against lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice. Materials and Methods: The sample used fifty male mice which were divided into five groups: negative control (mice were given daily with Aquadest); positive control (mice were given daily with lead acetate 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) orally once in a day for 21 days); and the treatment group (mice were given E. cottonii extracts 200 mg, 400 mg, and 800 mg/kg BW orally once in a day for 25 days, and on the 4th day, were given lead acetate 20 mg/kg BW 1 h after E. cottonii extract administration for 21 days). On day 25, the levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. The data of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, MDA, SOD, and GPx were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, followed by least significant difference test. Results: The results showed that oral administration of lead acetate 20 mg/kg BW for 21 days resulted in a significant increase in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and MDA levels. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in SOD and GPx levels. Treatment with E. cottonii extracts of 800 mg/kg BW but not with 200 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the elevated SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and MDA levels as compared to positive control group. Treatment with E. cottonii extracts of 800 mg/kg BW also showed a significant increase in SOD and GPx levels as compared to positive control group. Treating mice with lead acetate showed different histopathological changes such as loss of the normal structure of hepatic cells, blood congestion, and fatty degeneration whereas animals treated with lead acetate and E. cottonii extracts showed an improvement in these changes and the tissue appeared with normal structures. Conclusion: It can be concluded that E. cottonii extracts could be a potent natural product and can provide a promising hepatoprotective effect against lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

The Potency of Red Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) Extracts as Hepatoprotector on Lead Acetate-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice.

Protective Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticle against Cadmium Chloride Induced Gastric Toxicity in Rat

Objective: Medicinal herbs are the commonly used worldwide immunomodulators in the management of various disease conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunostimulatory activity of the nanoparticle extract of Pinus merkusii in Wistar albino rats. Materials and Methods: It was an experimental study that was conducted on various groups of animals each with six healthy adult rats. Neutrophil adhesion test, hemagglutinating antibody (HA) titer, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, phagocytic activity, and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression were determined in various groups of animals. Results: The nanoparticle of extract P. merkusii at doses 500 mg/kg BW but not at doses 125 mg/kg BW and 250 mg/kg BW induced a significant increase in percent neutrophil adhesion fibers as well as a dose-dependent increase in antibody titer values and potentiated the DTH reaction induced by sheep red blood cells. Also, it prevented myelosuppression in cyclophosphamide drug-treated rats and good response toward phagocytosis in carbon clearance assay. Conclusion: From these findings, it can be concluded that nanoparticle extract of P. merkusii possesses immunostimulatory activity and has therapeutic potential for the prevention of immune-depressed conditions.

Giftania Wardani

Papers

In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The Potency of Red Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) Extracts as Hepatoprotector on Lead Acetate-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice.

Protective Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticle against Cadmium Chloride Induced Gastric Toxicity in Rat

The Potency of Nanoparticle of Pinus merkusii as Immunostimulatory on Male Wistar Albino Rat

Antioxidant and anti-caspase 3 effect of chitosan-Pinus merkusii extract nanoparticle against lead acetate-induced testicular toxicity in rat