The proximate composition, vitamin C, I±-tocopherol, dietary fibers, minerals, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of three tropical edible seaweeds, Eucheuma cottonii (Rhodophyta), Caulerpa lentillifera (Chlorophyta) and Sargassum polycystum (Phaeophyta) were studied. The seaweeds were high in ash (37.15â€“46.19%) and dietary fibers (25.05â€“39.67%) and low in lipid content (0.29â€“1.11%) on dry weight (DW) basis. These seaweeds contained 12.01â€“15.53% macro-minerals (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and 7.53â€“71.53 mg.100 gâˆ’1 trace minerals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Se and I). The crude protein content of E. cottonii (9.76% DW) and C. lentillifera (10.41% DW) were higher than that of S. polycystum (5.4% DW), and protein chemical scores are between 20 and 67%. The PUFA content of E. cottonii was 51.55%, C. lentillifera 16.76% and S. polycystum 20.34%. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), accounted for 24.98% of all fatty acids in E. cottonii.
These seaweeds have significant vitamin C (âˆ¼35 mg.100 gâˆ’1) and I±-tocopherol (5.85â€“11.29 mg.100 gâˆ’1) contents.

Nutrient content of tropical edible seaweeds, Eucheuma cottonii, Caulerpa lentillifera and Sargassum polycystum. J Appl Phycol

Abstract Seaweeds or marine algae are rich in minerals and nutrients that are important for most of the biochemical reactions and non-nutrient components like dietary fibres and polyphenols. The present study aims at elucidating the nutritional composition of the two marine algae Gelidiella acerosa (red seaweed) and Sargassum wightii (brown seaweed) and the results revealed that the seaweeds possess high fibre content of 13.45 ± 1.076% and 17 ± 1.19% DW and ash content of 0.103 ± 0.049 g/g DW and 0.25 ± 0.02 g/g DW respectively. Nutritional composition analysis showed that the carbohydrate, protein, lipid, proline and chlorophyll contents of the seaweeds were high. Evaluation of mineral content demonstrates that the concentration of potassium was high in G. acerosa , whereas S. wightii was found to possess high amount of Sodium. Fatty acid profile verified the presence of major fatty acids with high nutritional value including, linolenic acid and α-linolenic acid. Amino acid composition showed that both the seaweeds possess most of the essential amino acids including valine, methionine, lysine and phenyl alanine. Vitamin analysis revealed the presence of high amount of vitamin C (an antioxidant) in the seaweeds. The results suggest that both the seaweeds have greater nutritional value and could be used as excellent nutritional supplements.

Iconographies supplémentaires de l'article : Seaweeds as nutritional supplements: Analysis of nutritional profile, physicochemical properties and proximate composition of G. acerosa and S. wightii

Seaweeds contain biologically active compounds with different therapeutic potentials. They have also found application in the food and pharmaceutical industries as sources of functional food ingredients, nutraceuticals, food supplements, food hydrocolloids and biotechnological products. Some algae are traditionally consumed as soups and vegetables, while others are used as a condiment and used in sauces. Much research has shown their antidiabetic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and immunomodulating action and they have been used as functional ingredients for the development of therapeutic agents to combat degenerative diseases. Algae are considered foods suitable for everyone for their low calorie content and the diversity of important nutrients such as proteins, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, both soluble and insoluble dietary fibers and bioactive compounds.

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Seaweeds: A Food for Our Future

The current study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-caspase 3 activity of chitosan-Pinus merkusii nanoparticle in against lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. chitosan-P. merkusii nanoparticle was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The male rats were divided into control group (rats were given with distilled water), lead acetate group (rats were injected with lead acetate 15 mg/kg BW i. p), and the treatment group (rats were given the chitosan-P. merkusii nanoparticle 150 mg, 300 mg, 600 mg/kg BW orally and were injected with lead acetate 15 mg/kg BW). The rats blood samples were measured levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. The kidney tissues were collected to evaluate the malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Histological to evaluate renal damage, and immunohistochemical to analyze the expression of caspase 3. The results showed that DLS showed the size of chitosan-P. merkusii nanoparticle was 165.9 ± 24.18 nm. SEM images of the chitosan-P. merkusii nanoparticles showed an irregular shape and its the rough surface. Administration of lead acetate resulted in a significant increase in levels of the BUN, creatinine, MDA level, caspase 3 expression, and a decrease in SOD and GPx were compared with the control group. Treatment with the chitosan-P. merkusii nanoparticle 600 mg/kg BW significantly decreased the elevated BUN, creatinine, MDA levels, caspase 3 expression and also increase in SOD and GPx as compared to lead acetate group. The lead acetate induced loss of the normal structure of renal cells and necrosis, whereas treated with chitosan-P. merkusii nanoparticle improved renal cell necrosis. This study indicates that chitosan-P. merkusii nanoparticles appeared to be a promising agent for protection against lead-induced nephrotoxicity through increasing antioxidant and inhibiting caspase 3 expression.

The potency of chitosan-Pinus merkusii extract nanoparticle as the antioxidant and anti-caspase 3 on lead acetate-induced nephrotoxicity in rat.

Malaysia has a long coastline surrounded by various islands, including North Borneo, that provide a suitable environment for the growth of diverse species of seaweeds. Some of the important North Bornean seaweed species are Kappaphycus alvarezii, Eucheuma denticulatum, Halymenia durvillaei (Rhodophyta), Caulerpa lentillifera, Caulerpa racemosa (Chlorophyta), Dictyota dichotoma and Sargassum polycystum (Ochrophyta). This review aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of North Bornean seaweeds and their nutraceutical profiling. North Bornean seaweeds have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardiovascular protective, neuroprotective, renal protective and hepatic protective potentials. The protective roles of the seaweeds might be due to the presence of a wide variety of nutraceuticals, including phthalic anhydride, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, 2-pentylthiophene, furoic acid (K. alvarezii), eicosapentaenoic acid, palmitoleic acid, fucoxanthin, β-carotene (E. denticulatum), eucalyptol, oleic acid, dodecanal, pentadecane (H. durvillaei), canthaxanthin, oleic acid, pentadecanoic acid, eicosane (C. lentillifera), pseudoephedrine, palmitic acid, monocaprin (C. racemosa), dictyohydroperoxide, squalene, fucosterol, saringosterol (D. dichotoma), and lutein, neophytadiene, cholest-4-en-3-one and cis-vaccenic acid (S. polycystum). Extensive studies on the seaweed isolates are highly recommended to understand their bioactivity and mechanisms of action, while highlighting their commercialization potential.

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Therapeutic Potential and Nutraceutical Profiling of North Bornean Seaweeds: A Review

Background: Lead is one of the most toxic metals, producing severe organ damage in animals and humans. Oxidative stress is reported to play an important role in lead acetate-induced liver injury. Aim: This study was carried out to investigate the role of ethanol extract of Eucheuma cottonii in protecting against lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in male mice. Materials and Methods: The sample used fifty male mice which were divided into five groups: negative control (mice were given daily with Aquadest); positive control (mice were given daily with lead acetate 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) orally once in a day for 21 days); and the treatment group (mice were given E. cottonii extracts 200 mg, 400 mg, and 800 mg/kg BW orally once in a day for 25 days, and on the 4th day, were given lead acetate 20 mg/kg BW 1 h after E. cottonii extract administration for 21 days). On day 25, the levels of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were measured. The data of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, MDA, SOD, and GPx were analyzed with one-way ANOVA, followed by least significant difference test. Results: The results showed that oral administration of lead acetate 20 mg/kg BW for 21 days resulted in a significant increase in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, and MDA levels. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in SOD and GPx levels. Treatment with E. cottonii extracts of 800 mg/kg BW but not with 200 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the elevated SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and MDA levels as compared to positive control group. Treatment with E. cottonii extracts of 800 mg/kg BW also showed a significant increase in SOD and GPx levels as compared to positive control group. Treating mice with lead acetate showed different histopathological changes such as loss of the normal structure of hepatic cells, blood congestion, and fatty degeneration whereas animals treated with lead acetate and E. cottonii extracts showed an improvement in these changes and the tissue appeared with normal structures. Conclusion: It can be concluded that E. cottonii extracts could be a potent natural product and can provide a promising hepatoprotective effect against lead acetate-induced hepatotoxicity in mice.

The Potency of Red Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) Extracts as Hepatoprotector on Lead Acetate-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice.

Logam berat adalah zat yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Logam berat biasa ditemui dalam bentuk ion terlarut. Salah satu jenis dari logam berat tersebut adalah timbal (Pb (II)). Salah satu cara untuk mengurangi kandungan Pb (II) adalah dengan proses adsorpsi dengan menggunakan arang aktif. Beberapa bahan dari alam telah diteliti sebagai bahan arang aktif untuk adsorpsi logam berat Pb (II), antara lain cangkang kelapa sawit, kulit singkong, sabut siwalan, dan bambu. Tumbuhan magrove Avicennia marina merupakan spesies yang cukup banyak tersedia di Surabaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa proses adsorpsi arang aktif dari tumbuhan mangrove Avicennia marina terhadap logam berat Pb (II). Metode yang digunakan meliputi tiga tahap yaitu (1) pengarangan/karbonisasi; (2) aktivasi arang; (3) adsorpsi Pb (II). Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses aktivasi arang menjadi arang aktif dengan menggunakan activator ZnCl 2 dapat membuka pori-pori yang terdapat pada permukaan arang, sehingga arang aktif dapat mengadsorpsi Pb. Semakin besar konsentrasi awal akan mengakibatkan menurunnya % adsorpsi dengan jumlah adsorben yang sama. Proses adsorpsi isotermal Pb (II) oleh arang aktif dari tumbuhan mangrove Avicennia marina , lebih mengikuti model adsorpsi isotermal Langmuir dimana memiliki nilai R 2 = 0,9968, sedangkan untuk model adsorpsi isoterm Freudlinch memiliki nilai R 2 = 0,9474. Kata Kunci: adsorpsi, Pb, arang aktif, Avicennia marina

Adsorpsi Pb (II) Oleh Arang Aktif dari Tumbuhan Mangrove Avicennia marina

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan Na-alginat yang berasal dari Sargassum sp sebagai gelling agent dalam sediaan emulgel minyak ikan salmon. Pembuatan formula emulgel minyak ikan salmon menggunakan gelling agent Na-alginat dari isolasi alga coklat (Sargassum sp) dengan konsentrasi 3% dan 4%. Uji karakterisasi Na-alginat dari alga coklat (Sargassum sp) meliputi uji organoleptis, RVA, FTIR dan DSC. Pembuatan emulgel dilakukan dengan melebur fase minyak dan fase air di atas hot plate menggunakan termometer untuk mengontrol suhu 70oC. Kedua fase ini dicampur dan diaduk dengan kuat sampai terbentuk emulsi. Fase gel dibuat dengan mendispersikan Na-alginat dari alga coklat (Sargassum sp) dalam mortir. Karakteristik minyak ikan salmon meliputi organoleptik, pH, viskositas, dan daya sebar. Stabilitas dilakukan dengan uji sentrifugasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua formula emulgel memiliki penampilan fisik yang sama dari minyak ikan emulgel dengan tekstur yang agak kasar dan tidak lengket, berwarna coklat muda dan memiliki bau khas minyak ikan. Semua formula memiliki rentang pH kulit. Pengukuran viskositas menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p <0,05) untuk setiap formula, yang F2 (87.000 cPs ± 12.124) memiliki viskositas yang lebih tinggi daripada F1 (33.333 cPs ± 14.011). Uji daya sebar menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan untuk setiap formula. Uji sentrifugasi tidak menunjukkan pemisahan fase setelah pengujian. Berdasarkan semua hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi Na-Alginat mempengaruhi karakteristik fisik emulgel minyak ikan salmon untuk viskositas, dan tidak mempengaruhi stabilitas fisik. Semua formula membentuk sistem yang stabil.

Formulasi Emulgel Minyak Ikan Salmon dengan Gelling Agent Na-Alginat dari Alga Coklat (Sargassum sp)

Skin infections most often found in developing countries, especially in the tropics, are purulent skin inflammation (pyoderma), the main cause of Staphylococcus aureus. The increasing number of cases of bacteria that are resistant to antibacterial can encourage the extraction of sources of antibacterial drugs from natural ingredients. One of the plants that is thought to have the antibacterial activity of Staphylococcus aureus is the Neem plant. In this study an antibacterial activity test was carried out with the well diffusion method from 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves extracted by percolation method. Previously 96% ethanol extract from Mimba leaves had been identified by secondary metabolites by phytochemical screening and standardized extract testing. Standarization using non-specific parameters (moisture content, ash content and drying losses) found that 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves entered a range of standard parameters and in phytochemical screening tests obtained 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves containing alcaloid, saponins, tannins, steroids / terpenoids and flavonoids. The results of the study on the antibacterial activity test showed a concentration of 75% ethanol extract of 96% Mimba leaves classified as having strong activity, at a concentration of 50% and 25% classified as having moderate activity. Based on this study it can be concluded that the three concentrations of 96% ethanol extract of Mimba leaves were able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ) DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI PERKOLASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI

Antibiotik merupakan zat-zat kimia yang dapat menghambat dan membunuh bakteri yang digunakan masyarakat untuk menangani penyakit infeksi. Namun, penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak rasional dan tepat dapat menyebabkan resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik, dibuktikan dari data di Rumah Sakit Dr Kariadi yang menunjukkan bahwa semua isolat dari darah memiliki tingkat multiresisteni tinggi terhadap antibiotik yaitu 45-65%. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan edukasi kepada masyarakat terkait bagaimana penggunaan antibiotik yang benar dan tepat kepada masyarakat. Penyuluhan diselenggarakan di kantor kelurahan Wonorejo dan dihadiri oleh 57 ibu-ibu PKK. Kegiatan ini bertujuan meningkatkan tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat Wonorejo terjadap penggunaan antibiotik yang benar. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan pengisian kuisioner sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan dilakukan kepada masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil kuisioner yang dianalisis diperoleh adanya peningkatan pengetahuan peserta dari kategori rendah (4,5) menjadi baik (6,8). Kegiatan penyuluhan dapat dilakukan secara rutin untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam penggunaan antibiotik secara tepat.

Rina Andayani

Papers

The Potency of Red Seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) Extracts as Hepatoprotector on Lead Acetate-induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice.

Adsorpsi Pb (II) Oleh Arang Aktif dari Tumbuhan Mangrove Avicennia marina

Formulasi Emulgel Minyak Ikan Salmon dengan Gelling Agent Na-Alginat dari Alga Coklat (Sargassum sp)

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL 96% DAUN MIMBA (Azadirachta indica A. Juss. ) DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI PERKOLASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI

Penyuluhan penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat dalam upaya pencegahan resistensi di kelurahan wonorejo surabaya