Photothermal therapy with regulated Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway for treating bacteria-induced periodontitis.

Photothermal therapy with regulated Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway for treating bacteria-induced periodontitis

Background
Odontogenic infections range from peripheral abscess to superficial and deep infections leading to severe infections in head and neck region. This study was aimed to assess bacterial isolates responsible for orofacial infection of odontogenic origin and their drug susceptibility patterns so as to provide better perceptive for the management of odontogenic infections.

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Characterization and Antibiotic Sensitivity Profile of Bacteria in Orofacial Abscesses of Odontogenic Origin.

Introduction: Cervical necrotizing fasciitis is a rare but very severe infection that affects the soft-tissues of the cephalic extremity. Cervical necrotizing fasciitis most frequently occurs secondarily to inflammatory odontogenic disorders and represents the most severe infection of maxillofacial spaces, with a high lethal potential. Materials and Methods: In this study, we selected 55 patients with confirmed cervical necrotizing fasciitis of odontogenic origin, treated in the Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Cluj-Napoca during January 1996-December 2012. Results: In the majority of cases, the disease evolved without the presence of associated systemic disorders (60% [45.49-72.69]), the rest of the patients having 1-4 types of systemic disorders; type 2 diabetes mellitus was the most frequent type of underlying systemic disorder. From the appearance of the first symptoms until the presentation for treatment, a time interval of 2-30 days elapsed. During this time period, 78.18% (95% confidence interval [CI] [65.49-89.06]) of the patients received antibiotic treatment, but without results. Mandibular molars were the most frequent starting point of the disease, and the submandibular space was the first affected by the disease, 47.27% (95% CI [32.76-61.79]). Bacteriological exams showed that facultatively aerobic/anaerobic G + bacteria were the most frequently identified (72.22% [58.21-83.60]). Conclusion: The odontogenic lesions of the lower molars, complicated by submandibular space infections, are the most frequent starting point of odontogenic cervicofacial necrotizing fasciitis. Delayed surgical treatment and strict antibiotic therapy play an important role in favoring the development of odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis.

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Odontogenic cervical necrotizing fasciitis, etiological aspects.

As a prime biological role of longan, antioxidation is reported to be closely related to the richness of phenolic compounds. There is a large variation in total phenolics content and phenolic composition among different sub-cultivars of plants, yet the corresponding data as for longan pulps are still insufficient. For this reason, ten of Chinese longan cultivars were selected in this study for the determination of total phenolics and individual phenolic compounds. Four model assays were used to measure the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Results showed that the free phenolics accounted for the major proportion in total phenolics. ‘Dingyuan’ had the largest content of phenolics, for the first time being reported higher than other common longan cultivars. Also, ‘Dingyuan’ exhibited more powerful competence in controlling redox reflected by the value of antioxidant potency composite index (ACI). There was a strong correlation between the abundance of polyphenols and antioxidant activity. In fifteen identified phenolic compounds, epicatechin was the richest present in all samples. Principal component analysis categorized different sources of longan into several groups, which might be a guidance for the layout of breeding programs, and for a proper processing strategy to longan pulp for better utilization of its natural advantages. 

Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of longan pulp of different cultivars from South China

Background: There is a growing interest in the correlation between antioxidants and periodontal disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of oxidative stress and the impact of two antioxidants, curcumin and rutin, respectively, in the etiopathology of experimentally induced periodontitis in diabetic rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups and were induced with diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: (1) (CONTROL)—control group, (2) (DPP)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, (3) (DPC)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with curcumin (C), (4) (DPR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with rutin (R) and (5) (DPCR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with C and R. We evaluated malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress and reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG and catalase (CAT) as biomarkers of the antioxidant capacity in blood harvested from the animals we tested. The MDA levels and CAT activities were also evaluated in the gingival tissue. Results: The control group effect was statistically significantly different from any other groups, regardless of whether or not the treatment was applied. There was also a significant difference between the untreated group and the three treatment groups for variables MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT. There was no significant difference in the mean effect for the MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT variables in the treated groups of rats with curcumin, rutin and the combination of curcumin and rutin. Conclusions: The oral administration of curcumin and rutin, single or combined, could reduce the oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant status in hyperglycemic periodontitis rats.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/5/1332/pdf

The Antioxidant Effect of Curcumin and Rutin on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Experimentally Induced Periodontitis in Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats.

Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are two pathologies that are extremely widespread worldwide and share the feature of chronic inflammation. Carvacrol is a phenolic monoterpenoid, produced by a variety of herbs, the most well-known of which is Origanum vulgare. Magnolol is a traditional polyphenolic compound isolated from the stem bark of Magnolia officinalis, mainly used in Chinese medicine. The purpose of this paper is to review the therapeutic properties of these bioactive compounds, in the treatment of periodontitis and diabetes. Based on our search strategy we conducted a literature search in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify studies. A total of one hundred eighty-four papers were included in the current review. The results show that carvacrol and magnolol have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-osteoclastic, and anti-diabetic properties that benefit both pathologies. Knowledge of the multiple activities of carvacrol and magnolol can assist with the development of new treatment strategies, and the design of clinical animal and human trials will maximize the potential benefits of these extracts in subjects suffering from periodontitis or diabetes.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Carvacrol and Magnolol, in Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus.

Aim : The aim of the present research was to conduct a descriptive study about the role of systemic conditions, other than diabetes, in the occurrence and evolution of neck and head suppurations. Material and Method : For this purpose, we selected the sick people hospitalized in the Ist Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of Cluj-Napoca who presented suppurations of the head and neck and chronic systemic conditions. Results : One hundred and thirteen patients accomplished the inclusion criteria. The most frequent systemic conditions identified at patients with head and neck suppurations were the cardio-vascular diseases (48%), followed by hepatic diseases (19%). Head and neck suppurations proved to affect only one cavity in 75.22% of cases. The septic metastasis process was present in case of 3 patients, the mediastine being the most frequently affected organ by the presence of the septic process. The post-surgical evolution was favorable in case of 112 patients, the only death being noticed in the case of a woman suffering from decompensated leukemia. The mean of hospitalization days proved to be statistically significant higher when patients presented more than one affected cavity compared to patients with one affected cavity ( p = 0.0030 ). Conclusion : Immuno-depressing systemic conditions may influence in an unfavourable way the evolution of head and neck suppurations. The surgical treatment has been proved to be efficient in curing the suppurations of the patients suffering from diverse chronic systemic conditions.

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Gilda Mihaela Iova

Papers

The Antioxidant Effect of Curcumin and Rutin on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Experimentally Induced Periodontitis in Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Carvacrol and Magnolol, in Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus.

Descriptive Study on Influence of Systemic Conditions on Head and Neck Infections