Showing papers by "Gordon L. Warren published in 2019"
TL;DR: The findings indicate that various treatments in animal models of VML improve the functional capacity of muscle compared to leaving the injury untreated; however, the ~16% beneficial effect is small.
Abstract: Our goal was to understand the impact of regenerative therapies on the functional capacity of skeletal muscle following volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury. An extensive database search (e.g., PubM...
69 citations
TL;DR: The findings from the analyses indicate that individuals with either a type‐III acromion and/or a larger acromial index have a greater likelihood for non‐traumatic RTC tears.
Abstract: The causes of degenerative rotator cuff (RTC) tears are unclear but certain acromion morphology may contribute. This study's objective was to determine using a systematic review and meta-analysis the association of acromion type and acromial index with the prevalence of RTC tears. Six databases were searched electronically. Seventeen relevant studies between 1993 and 2017 were included in the meta-analyses determining the association of RTC tears with acromion type (n = 11) or acromial index (n = 10). Effect sizes were calculated as an odds ratio (OR) for the studies reporting acromion type and as raw mean difference (RMD) for the studies reporting acromial index. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. There was a significant small-to-medium effect found in the meta-analysis for acromion type (overall OR = 2.82, P = 0.000003), indicating an almost three times greater odds for a RTC tear in individuals with a type-III acromion as compared with those with a type-I or -II. A significant effect was also found for acromial index (RMD = 0.071, P < 0.0000001), indicating that a larger acromial index is associated with a greater likelihood of a RTC tear. Because of substantial heterogeneity in RMD for acromial index (Q-df = 92, P < 0.00001; I2 = 89%), subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed. Interestingly, the continent where the study was conducted (i.e., Europe vs. Asia) was the only moderator variable that could explain some of the acromial index heterogeneity. Overall, the findings from our analyses indicate that individuals with either a type-III acromion and/or a larger acromial index have a greater likelihood for non-traumatic RTC tears. Clin. Anat. 32:122-130, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
26 citations
TL;DR: CAF reduces the perceived effort during exercise and increases the capacity for sedentary individuals, as well as trained athletes, to tolerate higher intensity exercise for greater duration; and, these benefits were not further enhanced by ingesting doses of low carbohydrate regularly during exercise.
Abstract: Caffeine (CAF) and carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion delay fatigue during prolonged exercise; however, this is primarily documented in endurance trained (ET) athletes. Our purpose was to determine if these ergogenic aids are also effective to improve exercise tolerance in age-matched sedentary (SED) adults. Using a double-blind crossover design, ET and SED (n = 12 each group) completed four exercise trials consisting of 30 min cycling at standardized matched work rates 10% below lactate threshold (MOD-EX) followed by a time to fatigue (TTF) ride at individually prescribed intensity of 5% above lactate threshold. After standardized breakfast, the following drink treatments were given before and throughout exercise: CAF (3 mg/kg of body mass, equivalent to 1.5 cups premium brewed coffee), low calorie CHO (LCHO) (0.4% solution, 2 g total CHO), CAF+LCHO, and artificially-sweetened placebo (PLA). SED and ET had similar perceived exertion (RPE) during MOD-EX and TTF (23.8 ± 3.1 and 24.1 ± 2.6 min in ET, SED, respectively). LCHO did not benefit exercise tolerance compared to PLA and was less effective (p < 0.05) compared to CAF+LCHO for all participants combined. Thus, the two CAF treatments were averaged, resulting in ~5% lower RPE (p < 0.05) and 21% longer TTF (26.3 ± 10.4 min) compared to the no-CAF (21.7 ± 9.9 min) treatments. Blood glucose and lactate were higher (p < 0.05) with CAF vs. no-CAF. SED and ET only differed in metabolic oxidation rates during exercise (higher overall fat oxidation with ET compared to SED). CAF reduces the perceived effort during exercise and increases the capacity for sedentary individuals, as well as trained athletes, to tolerate higher intensity exercise for greater duration; and, these benefits were not further enhanced by ingesting doses of low carbohydrate regularly during exercise.
6 citations
TL;DR: Elevated weight-bearing via treadmill running at a slow/moderate speed did not accelerate PTOA in MMT rats when compared to regular weight- Bearing, and there were minimal differences in hindlimb kinematics and voluntary running between MMT and sham rats.
4 citations