https://caltcm.memberclicks.net/assets/documents/acc_aha_chf_2013_guidelines.pdf

2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines

on Statement: Society of Echocardiography is accreditedby theAccreditationCouncil for edical Education to provide continuingmedical education for physicians. n Society of Echocardiography designates this educational activity for of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits . Physicians should only claim credit te with the extent of their participation in the activity. CCI recognize ASE’s certificates and have agreed to honor the credit hours registry requirements for sonographers. Society of Echocardiography is committed to ensuring that its educational ll sponsored educational programs are not influencedby the special interests ation or individual, and itsmandate is to retain only those authors whose fists canbeeffectively resolved tomaintain thegoals andeducational integrity y. While a monetary or professional affiliation with a corporation does not fluence an author’s presentation, the Essential Areas and policies of the ire that any relationships that could possibly conflict with the educational activity be resolved prior to publication and disclosed to the audience. f faculty and commercial support relationships, if any, have been indicated. ience: is designed for all cardiovascular physicians and cardiac sonographers with erest and knowledge base in the field of echocardiography; in addition, reschers, clinicians, intensivists, and other medical professionals with a spein cardiac ultrasound will find this activity beneficial.

https://www.nationaljewish.org/getattachment/programs/directory/cardiology/pulmonary-hypertension-center/Echo-Guidelines-for-RV-JASE-2010.pdf.aspx

Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Adults: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography

on Statement: Society of Echocardiography is accredited by the Accreditation Council for edical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. n Society of Echocardiography designates this educational activity for of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits . Physicians should only claim credit te with the extent of their participation in the activity. CCI recognize ASE’s certificates and have agreed to honor the credit hours registry requirements for sonographers. Society of Echocardiography is committed to ensuring that its educational ll sponsored educational programs are not influenced by the special interests ation or individual, and its mandate is to retain only those authors whose fists can be effectively resolved to maintain the goals andeducational integrity y. While a monetary or professional affiliation with a corporation does not fluence an author’s presentation, the Essential Areas and policies of the ire that any relationships that could possibly conflict with the educational activity be resolved prior to publication and disclosed to the audience. f faculty and commercial support relationships, if any, have been indicated. ience: is designed for all cardiovascular physicians and cardiac sonographers with erest and knowledge base in the field of echocardiography; in addition, reschers, clinicians, intensivists, and other medical professionals with a spein cardiac ultrasound will find this activity beneficial.

/pdf/guidelines-for-the-echocardiographic-assessment-of-the-right-vef53y5hmt.pdf

Guidelines for the Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart in Adults: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography

Recommendations for the evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by echocardiography

Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography : An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging

http://www.jse.gr.jp/2016_LVDiastolicFunction.pdf

Recommendations for the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function by Echocardiography: An Update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging

Evolving concepts regarding selection of patients for cardiac transplantation. Assessing risks and benefits.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that block CTLA-4, PD-1, or PD-L1 and induce the activation of the immune system against cancer. Despite the efficacy of ICIs, which has improved the oncotherapy for patients with a variety of malignancies, several immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been described, including those affecting the heart. Cardiac irAEs after ICI therapies, including myocarditis, can become life-threatening, and their pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, a systematic analysis was performed regarding the potential immune mechanisms underlying cardiac irAEs based on the immune adverse events induced by the ICIs: 1) recruitment of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, 2) autoantibody-mediated cardiotoxicity, and 3) inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the impact of dual therapies in ICI-induced cardiac irAEs and the potential risk factors are reviewed. We propose that self-antigens released from cardiac tissues or cancer cells and the severity/advancement of cancer disease have an important role in ICI cardiotoxicity.

/pdf/a-systematic-review-of-the-mechanisms-involved-in-immune-1w6a8ccb.pdf

A Systematic Review of the Mechanisms Involved in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Cardiotoxicity and Challenges to Improve Clinical Safety

Acute heart failure in adults is the unfolding of heart failure in minutes, hours or a few days. Low output heart failure describes a form of heart failure in which the heart pumps blood at a rate at rest or with exertion that is below the physiological range and the metabolizing tissues extract their required oxygen from blood at a lower rate, causing a proportionately smaller oxygen amount remaining in the blood. Therefore, a widened arterial-venous oxygen difference occurs. High output heart failure is characterized by pumping blood with a rate above the physiological range at rest or during exertion, resulting in an arterial-venous oxygen difference, which is normal or low. This may be caused by peripheral vasodilatation during sepsis or thyrotoxicosis, blood shunting, or reduced blood oxygen content/viscosity (Fig. 1). The differentiation between low output heart failure versus high output heart failure is of highest importance for the choice of therapy and therefore the information and the monitoring of the systemic vascular resistance. Patients who present with acute heart failure suffer from a severe complication of different cardiac disorders. Most often they have an acute injury that affects their myocardial performance (eg, myocardial infarction) or valvular/chamber integrity (mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal rupture), which leads to an acute rise in left-ventricular filling pressures resulting in pulmonary edema.

New strategies for the management of acute decompensated heart failure.

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) α is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is produced by the heart under certain forms of stress. Patients with advanced heart failure have increased levels of circulating TNFα1 but more importantly, TNFα can produce left ventricular remodelling, pulmonary oedema and cardiomyopathy in human subjects.2 3 Therefore, increased production of TNFα may play a contributory part in the pathogenesis of heart failure.

The evidence supporting the importance of TNFα in heart failure stems from the following observations: Firstly, increased levels of circulating TNFα occur on patients with Class III-IV heart failure.4 5 Secondly, in a sub-study of the Studies On Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) we showed that patients who became symptomatic with respect to heart failure had progressively higher circulating TNFα levels.5 Thirdly, TNFα is elaborated in the failing heart in response to pressure or volume overload, physiological stimuli for TNFα production in heart failure patients.6 And finally, strong experimental support comes from the observations that transgenic mice over-expressing TNFα in cardiac tissue develop dilated cardiomyopathy and die prematurely. In this review, we will discuss the human and experimental evidence that supports a causative role of TNFα in heart failure and discuss the clinical implications of TNFα antagonism in patients with congestive heart failure.

Two important clinical observations led to the initial investigations of the role of TNFα in cardiac function. Firstly, as TNFα was a mediator of cachexia and patients with advanced heart failure manifest profound metabolic abnormalities and the syndrome of cachexia, it was reasonable to suggest that TNFα may be increased in patients with advanced heart failure. Indeed, the initial report on patients with advanced heart failure demonstrated that approximately 30–40% of patients with advanced heart failure have increased circulating TNFα levels.1 Secondly, it has long been recognised that …

https://ard.bmj.com/content/annrheumdis/58/suppl_1/I103.full.pdf

Guillermo Torre-Amione

Papers

Evolving concepts regarding selection of patients for cardiac transplantation. Assessing risks and benefits.

A Systematic Review of the Mechanisms Involved in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Cardiotoxicity and Challenges to Improve Clinical Safety

New strategies for the management of acute decompensated heart failure.

Clinical implications of tumour necrosis factor α antagonism in patients with congestive heart failure

Improved myocardial structure following LVAD support: effect of unloading on dystrophin expression.