Water in arid and semiarid regions of the world is commonly recognized as the most important of the natural resources. Groundwater is commonly the only source of water in an arid or semiarid environment and, if not, it commonly is an essential and dependable supplemental source. Arid and semiarid environments are becoming recognized as potentially favorable for the disposal of waste products of man's activities. The basis for intelligent management of waste and water resources is quantitative information on the physical properties and flow components of the hydrologic system.

Estimation of Natural Groundwater Recharge

A modified approach to quantify aquifer vulnerability to pollution towards sustainable groundwater management in Irrigated Indus Basin

Daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Cidanau yang terletak di Kabupaten Serang mempunyai nilai strategis sebagai penyedia air untuk kawasan industri Kota Cilegon dan Kabupaten Serang. Perhitungan neraca air Cidanau diperlukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan dalam mencukupi kebutuhan air di wilayah tersebut. Metode Thornthwaite dipakai untuk menghitung neraca air berdasarkan atas pasokan ( input ) dan luaran air ( output ) dalam rentang waktu tertentu. Perhitungan dengan metode ini didasarkan atas kecukupan data klimatologi, jenis tanah dan tutupan lahan. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan surplus air selama tujuh bulan dari bulan Januari sampai Mei dan Nopember sampai Desember sebesar 896,4 mm/tahun. Dengan luas DAS Cidanau 22.322 ha, maka total air yang masih tersedia sebesar 177,4 juta m 3 /tahun. Cidanau River Basin area, which is located in Serang Regency, has a strategic value as the water supply for Cilegon and Serang industrial estate. Water balance analysis of this area is necessary to recognize its capacity in fulfilling water demand of the area. In this study, we used Thornthwaite method to calculate the water balance, which is based on water input and output within a certain time range. This calculation method depends on the adequacy of climatological data, soil type, and land cover. The result has indicated that water surplus occurred in January to May and November to December as much as 896,4 mm/year. As the covered area is 22,322 ha, the total available water of this river basin is 177.4 million m 3 /year

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Perhitungan neraca air das cidanau menggunakan metode thornthwaite

Delineating groundwater potential zones using geospatial techniques and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) ensemble in the data-scarce region: evidence from the lower Thoubal river watershed of Manipur, India

Groundwater recharge rate for weathered rock aquifers in the Sahel of West Africa is sparse due to insufficient knowledge of the recharge pathways. This study was initiated in the Tougou ephemeral river catchment (37 km2) to improve understanding of recharge pathways to a weathered rock aquifer in the dryland of Burkina Faso. It is based on field investigations conducted in 2016–2020 on a piezometric transect and large-diameter wells, perpendicular and longitudinal to the river, respectively. Geophysical measurements, lithologs analysis, permeability tests, groundwater and river level monitoring, and rainfall measurements were undertaken. The results showed a laterally continuous saprolite aquifer (10–22 m thick) overlain by residual soils beneath the river and discontinuous laterite on the banks. Below the river, the saprolite overlays the weathered schist aquifer with an upward or downward hydraulic gradient regardless of the seasons. The saprolite is replenished by focused recharge from the river and diffuse recharge from the rainfall on the banks, according to information from the groundwater hydrographs, groundwater tracing results, and cross-correlation between the groundwater levels and the two potential recharge sources (rainfall and river water). The low hydraulic conductivity, electrical resistivity tomography profiles and lithologs indicate restriction of diffuse and focused recharge through soil matrix infiltration, suggesting there are preferential recharge pathways. For the 2018–2020 period, the water-table fluctuation method provides recharge estimates of 14–51 mm/year on the northern bank, 10–36 mm/year on the southern bank and 148–194 mm/year in the riverbed. 

Groundwater recharge pathways to a weathered-rock aquifer system in a dryland catchment in Burkina Faso

Analysis of groundwater potential zones using Dar-Zarrouk parameters in Pangkalpinang city, Indonesia

Increased anthropogenic activity in urban areas has exacerbated the vulnerability of groundwater resources. The AVI, GOD, SINTACS, and DRASTIC methods were used to analyze groundwater vulnerability in Pangkalpinang City. Schlumberger vertical electrical sounding was used to determine the lithology and aquifer configuration in the study area. There are three vulnerability index areas in the city of Pangkalpinang. Low levels of aquifer vulnerability were generally found in the southeastern and northwestern parts of the study area, whereas high levels of aquifer vulnerability were discovered in the northern and southern parts of the study area. Areas with low aquifer vulnerability levels generally have low hydraulic conductivity values on the protective layer. In these areas, groundwater extraction is possible with a reasonable extraction pattern. Industrial areas can also be built by considering environmental aspects. In an area with high-level aquifer vulnerability, groundwater pollution must be considerably managed. The areas should not be designated for industrial areas and excess groundwater extraction.

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Aquifer Vulnerability: Its Protection and Management—A Case Study in Pangkalpinang City, Indonesia

Jakarta groundwater basin is one of the most developed basins in Indonesia as Jakarta city is located within the basin, with an elevation ranging from 0 to 1000 m above sea level. The study of the basement characteristics of groundwater basins still needs further study in the Jakarta Groundwater Basin. The objective of this study is to examine the basement characteristics of Jakarta Groundwater Basin by satellite gravimetry. Gravity forward models were constructed using Oasis Montaj and 2-D GM-SYS software for two north-south sections, A and B, and west-east section C-D. Regional anomalies in the study area with a value range of 36.7 to 53.2 mGal, while the residual anomaly values in the study area were in the range of -7.0 - 10.0 mGal. There are four rock formations based on forwarding modeling. Holocene Beach Ridge Deposit formation has a density of 2.0 gr/cc. The thickness of this formation is estimated to be around 10-20 meters. Late Pleistocene Alluvial fan has a density of about 2.2 gr/cc. The depth of this layer ranges from 10-50 meters. Early Pleistocene Formation, has a density of 2.35 gr/cc. The thickness of this formation is at a depth of 50-200 meters in the cross-section. The Tertiary Marine Sediment Formation is a basement of the Jakarta Groundwater Basin. This formation has a rock density of 2.45 gr/cc.

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Basement Characteristics of Jakarta Groundwater Basin Based on Satellite Gravimetry Data

Northern part of Lombok island has a unique geological phenomenon of submarine groundwater discharge. Submarine groundwater discharge needs to be conserved for its sustainability. This study asseses groundwater vulnerability for SGD conservation in the northern part of Lombok Island Indonesia. The assessment was conducted using aquifer vulnerability index methods. Vulnerability index value in the study area is high vulnerability index. This vulnerability index is getting higher toward the coast. The layer is tuffaceous pumice layer with a hydraulic conductivity value of 5 m/day. This layer makes the aquifer in the study area very vulnerable to contamination, especially for pollution involving vertical percolation and infiltration. Protective management is needed to prevent groundwater hazard in the research location due to groundwater pollution and heavy pumping. Anthropogenic activity at the study area should be anticipated because of the high index of aquifer susceptibility at the study area.

Gumilar Utamas Nugraha

Papers

Analysis of groundwater potential zones using Dar-Zarrouk parameters in Pangkalpinang city, Indonesia

Aquifer Vulnerability: Its Protection and Management—A Case Study in Pangkalpinang City, Indonesia

Basement Characteristics of Jakarta Groundwater Basin Based on Satellite Gravimetry Data

Aquifer vulnerability in the Coastal Northern Part of Lombok Island Indonesia

Seawater intrusion mapping using hydrochemical ionic ratio data: an application in northern part of Jakarta groundwater basins, Indonesia