The waste cooking oil (WCO) production from the catering industry and food processing industry causes serious environmental, economic and social problems. However, WCO can be used for the preparation of fine chemicals such as internal plasticizer. With this aim, this work is focused on preparing internal plasticizer by using WCO and determining technical viability of non-migration poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials. The mannich base of waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME) was synthesized from WCO via esterification, interesterification and mannich reaction, which was used to produce self-plasticization PVC materials as an internal plasticizer. The results showed that the PVC was plasticized effectively. Self-plasticization PVC films showed no migration in n-hexane, but 15.7% of dioctyl phthalate (DOP) leached from DOP/PVC(50/50) system into n-hexane. These findings transformed the traditional plastic processing technology and obtained cleaner production of no migration plasticizer from WCO.

/pdf/a-strategy-for-nonmigrating-plasticized-pvc-modified-with-72e53oz5jk.pdf

A Strategy for Nonmigrating Plasticized PVC Modified with Mannich base of Waste Cooking Oil Methyl Ester.

The use of vegetable oil based plasticizers can create new application for plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials. In this study, novel environmental castor oil based polyol esters (COPE-1, ECOPE-1, COPE-2 and ECOPE-2) were synthesized and characterized with FT-IR and 1H NMR. PVC materials were prepared via blending the synthesized castor oil based polyol esters as the main plasticizer. Properties of the PVC materials were investigated and compared to those of commercial plasticizers (DOP and ESO). The results showed that castor oil based polyol esters could significantly improve thermal stability of PVC blends. Plasticizing effect of COPE-2 and ECOPE-2 on PVC was better than that of DOP, ESO, COPE-1 and ECOPE-1. Migration stability and volatility stability of tests showed that with the increasing of the molecular weight of castor oil based polyol esters, the migration stability and volatility stability are enhanced. They could be with potential application used in food packing, children toys an...

Synthesis and Application of Environmental Castor Oil Based Polyol Ester Plasticizers for Poly(vinyl chloride)

With rising environmental concerns and depletion of petrochemical resources, biomass-based chemicals have been paid more attention. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plasticizers derived from biomass resources (vegetable oil, cardanol, vegetable fatty acid, glycerol and citric acid) have been widely studied to replace petroleum-based o-phthalate plasticizers. These bio-based plasticizers mainly include epoxidized plasticizer, polyester plasticizer, macromolecular plasticizer, flame retardant plasticizer, citric acid ester plasticizer, glyceryl ester plasticizer and internal plasticizer. Bio-based plasticizers with the advantages of renewability, degradability, hypotoxicity, excellent solvent resistant extraction and plasticizing performances make them potential to replace o-phthalate plasticizers partially or totally. In this review, we classify different types of bio-based plasticizers according to their chemical structure and function, and highlight recent advances in multifunctional applications of bio-based plasticizers in PVC products. This study will increase the interest of researchers in bio-based plasticizers and the development of new ideas in this field.

Plasticizers Derived from Biomass Resources: A Short Review.

An efficient bio-based plasticizer for poly (vinyl chloride) from waste cooking oil and citric acid: Synthesis and evaluation in PVC films

The internally plasticized PVC materials by displacement of chlorine with mannich base of cardanol butyl ether, that is, the covalent attachment of the cardanol-based internal plasticizer to the PVC matrix, is descried for the first time. The chemical structure and properties of cardanol-based internal plasticizer and internally plasticized PVC materials was characterized. The results showed that the Tg of self-plasticization PVC material decreased from 85.6 to 49.3 °C when chlorine atoms in PVC were substituted with mannich base of cardanol butyl ether, tensile strength decreased from 30.33 to 18.86 MPa, and the elongation at break increased from 180.37% to 357.20%, which illustrated that mannich base of cardanol butyl ether played internally plasticized effect on PVC. The internal plasticization mechanism was also studied. Self-plasticization PVC films showed no migration in n-hexane, but 15.7% of DOP leached from the DOP/PVC system into n-hexane. The PVC materials were expected to be commercial applica...

Self-Plasticization of PVC Materials via Chemical Modification of Mannich Base of Cardanol Butyl Ether

PVC materials without migration obtained by chemical modification of azide-functionalized PVC and triethyl citrate plasticizer

A composition of phosphaphenanthrene groups-containing castor-oil-based phosphate plasticizer for PVC: Synthesis, characterization and property

A novel flame-retardant plasticizer based on castor oil (FRC) was synthesized, and its potential application for polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was evaluated through the study of torque during melt processing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index instrument, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical tests. The results suggested that the FRC has a plasticizing effect in blends with PVC. The addition of FRC resulted in reduction of processing torque, good compatibility, improvement in thermal stability and efficient flame retardant. Torque reduction was observed (33.6%), indicating the reduction of viscosity and the improvement of process. The increase (31.9%) of LOI value indicated that incorporation of FRC system had obviously improved the flame retardant property of PVC blends. The excellent flame retardant properties were obtained by forming an isolation layer on the surface of PVC blends in the process of FRC burning. FRC could improve the thermal ability of PVC blends by enhancing the decomposition temperature of PVC. The performance in all properties of PVC products could be obtained by controlling the formula blends. Therefore, castor oil-based flame retardant plasticizers would appear suitable for a wide range of application.

/pdf/synthesis-of-a-novel-phosphorus-containing-plasticizer-based-54baelalbw.pdf

Guodong Feng

Papers

PVC materials without migration obtained by chemical modification of azide-functionalized PVC and triethyl citrate plasticizer

A composition of phosphaphenanthrene groups-containing castor-oil-based phosphate plasticizer for PVC: Synthesis, characterization and property

Synthesis of a novel phosphorus-containing plasticizer based on castor oil and its application for flame retardancy of polyvinyl chloride