In the Hamadryas baboon, males are substantially larger than females. A troop of baboons is subdivided into a number of ‘one-male groups’, consisting of one adult male and one or more females with their young. The male prevents any of ‘his’ females from moving too far from him. Kummer (1971) performed the following experiment. Two males, A and B, previously unknown to each other, were placed in a large enclosure. Male A was free to move about the enclosure, but male B was shut in a small cage, from which he could observe A but not interfere. A female, unknown to both males, was then placed in the enclosure. Within 20 minutes male A had persuaded the female to accept his ownership. Male B was then released into the open enclosure. Instead of challenging male A , B avoided any contact, accepting A’s ownership.

Evolution and the Theory of Games

In this paper, we provide the finalized definition of Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom). Following the definition, we briefly describe the scope and goals of CogInfoCom, and discuss the common interests between CogInfoCom and the various research disciplines which contribute to this new field in a synergistic way.

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Definition and synergies of cognitive infocommunications

A unified framework is presented in order to build lattice constellations matched to both the Rayleigh fading channel and the Gaussian channel. The method encompasses the situations where the interleaving is done on the real components or on two-dimensional signals. In the latter case, a simple construction of lattices congruent to the densest binary lattices with respect to the Euclidean distance is proposed. It generalizes, in a sense to be clarified later, the structural construction proposed by Forney (1991). These constellations are next combined with coset codes. The partitioning rules and the gain formula are similar to those used for the Gaussian channel.

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Algebraic tools to build modulation schemes for fading channels

With the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT), the number of connected devices is growing at an exponential rate, which is contributing to ever-increasing, massive data volumes. Real-time analytics on the massive IoT data, referred to as the “real-time IoT analytics” in this paper, is becoming the mainstream with an aim to provide an immediate or non-immediate actionable insights and business intelligence. However, the analytics network of the existing IoT systems does not adequately consider the requirements of the real-time IoT analytics. In fact, most researchers overlooked an appropriate design of the IoT analytics network while focusing much on the sensing and delivery networks of the IoT system. Since much of the IoT analytics network has often been taken as granted, the survey, in this paper, we aim to review the state-of-the-art of the analytics network methodologies, which are suitable for real-time IoT analytics. In this vein, we first describe the basics of the real-time IoT analytics, use cases, and software platforms, and then explain the shortcomings of the network methodologies to support them. To address those shortcomings, we then discuss the relevant network methodologies which may support the real-time IoT analytics. Also, we present a number of prospective research problems and future research directions focusing on the network methodologies for the real-time IoT analytics.

A Survey on Network Methodologies for Real-Time Analytics of Massive IoT Data and Open Research Issues

In recent years, considerable amount of research has been dedicated to the integration of artificial cognitive functionalities into informatics. With the immense growth in volume of cognitive content handled by both artificial and natural cognitive systems, the scientific treatment of new and efficient communication forms between such cognitive systems is inevitable. In this paper, we provide the first definition of cognitive infocommunications, a multidisciplinary field which aims to expand the information space between communicating cognitive systems (artificial or otherwise). Following this definition, we specify the modes and types of communication which make up cognitive infocommunications. Through a number of examples, we describe what is expected from this new discipline in further detail.

Cognitive Infocommunications (Coginfocom)

The convergence of telecommunications, informatics (IT) and media based on the common digital technology affected these sectors in different ways and at different times, resulting in different approaches and terms. The paper presents infocommunications as an evolving expansion of telecommunications with information processing and content management functions. Information and communication(s) technology (ICT) is considered an extended synonym for IT to emphasis the integration of the unified (tele)communications. Contents involved in the convergence process are expanded by cognitive features; and the term cognitive infocommunications was established. Subtle distinctions between these and other terms that have emerged are clarified and compared, as well as a consistent terminology is proposed. People refer to the mosaic words infocommunications, info-communications and the acronyms ICT, IST, TIM and other terms to identify a sector born as a result of digital convergence, a convergence process triggered by the huge scale development of digital technology. The role of the convergent sector is relevant in the realization of the information/knowledge/networked society. This sector, more precisely the ICT sector, represents about 5% of the EU economy, but it generates 25% of total business expenditure in Research and Development (R&D), and investments in this sector account for 50% of all European productivity growth (7). The uniform digital technology base has given rise not only to the effectiveness of the economies of scale and the efficient increase of the complexity of the products and services, but has also provided additional synergic opportunities for the combination of the functions. Therefore the sector is not only

Defining Infocommunications and Related Terms

Telecommunications and the Internet are forming an increasingly integrated system for processing, storing, accessing and distributing information and managing content. Recently the content space is expanding by cognitive and sensory contents, billions of devices are to be interconnected, media convergence is highlighted and an open Digital Ecosystem is being formed. At the same time the identification capacity of the Current Internet is running out, Internet architectures are reconsidered for better managing mobility and quality requirements, security issues as well as for exploiting the opportunities derived from the technological development and the new data handling and cognitive concepts. The future of the Internet became an important research area, supported by the various ICT research funds and especially by the series of Future Internet Assemblies since 2008. The paper summarizes the challenges of the Current Internet, determines the relevant functions and features of the Future Internet, and presents the main research areas defining the chapters of Future Internet research activity in a layered model from basic research on Internet Science through the Internet Engineering up to Future Internet applications and experiments.

Chapters of Future Internet research

The rate of deployment and adoption issues of new network technologies, IPv6 in particular, have recently been hotly debated in the research community. However, the question of how protocols migrate, especially the dynamics of migration, to new paradigms is still largely open. In this paper, we address the issue from a game theoretic point of view. We model and analyze the profit maximizing strategies of Autonomous Systems (ASes); both the properties of ASes and the topology of the Internet is considered. The contribution of our work is threefold. First, we propose an economic model of the ASes and their relations from the IPv4-IPv6 migration viewpoint. Second, we apply the findings of evolutionary dynamics on the problem of migration by incorporating Internet-specific properties to the evolutionary model, namely the size of the ASes and the cost of migration. The analyses show that even if IPv6 has higher payoff than IPv4, the whole migration does not happen always fast. Finally, extensive simulations are carried out based on the proposed models to illustrate the impacts of different parameters on the IPv6 migration dynamics in realistic scenarios.

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Migrating to IPv6: A game-theoretic perspective

Ethernet is gaining in importance in both access and metro networks. As a layer 2 technology, Ethernet gives a basic framework for routing, QoS and traffic engineering (TE), as well as a protocol for building up trees. IEEE 802.1 standards define default configuration parameters considering the topology only. We propose methods for resource management in Ethernet networks through spanning tree optimization for both STP (spanning-tree protocol) (IEEE 802.1D) and MSTP (multiple spanning-tree protocol) (IEEE 802.1s). As a result of optimization, we assign costs to the bridge ports in the network to build trees based on these costs via STP and MSTP. These trees yield optimized routing, TE and support for different QoS classes. We show on typical metro-access networks that, through optimization, the total network throughput can be significantly increased for both enforcing fairness or allowing starvation of some demands. This gain can be realized by simultaneously assigning demands to trees and routing these trees.

Optimizing QoS aware Ethernet spanning trees

In multilayer (e.g. GMPLS/ASTN) networks the routing becomes very complex since it is performed over multiple network layers simultaneously. Furthermore, to achieve a certain level of QoS not only topology but also link-state information has to be spread. To obtain a path from a source to a desired destination in short time, source routing is preferred that relays upon link-state information that was flooded in advance. The often the flooding is performed the more up-to-date the state information is. Unfortunately, in case of larger networks this results in a heavy signaling load (overhead). To make such a routing scheme scalable either the flooding has to be rarefied or the network has to be split hierarchically into domains and appropriate intra-domain and inter-domain routing schemes have to be applied. In This work we propose a network model that performs topology aggregation to reduce the amount of information flooded as well as a routing scheme for these multilayer multidomain networks that works over that "simplified" network. Then we investigate the impact of stalled information (rare flooding) and impact of routing retrials onto the blocking ratio. The proposed framework is a viable solution for the control plane of future scalable transport networks like GMPLS/ASTN.

Gyula Sallai

Papers

Defining Infocommunications and Related Terms

Chapters of Future Internet research

Migrating to IPv6: A game-theoretic perspective

Optimizing QoS aware Ethernet spanning trees

Stalled information based routing in multidomain multilayer networks