Mineralogy and Petrology welcomes manuscripts from the classical fields of crystallography, mineralogy, petrology, geochemistry, as well as their applications in academic experimentation and research, materials science and engineering, for technology, industry, environment, or society. The journal strongly promotes crossfertilization among Earth-scientific and applied materials-oriented disciplines. Purely descriptive manuscripts on regional topics will not be considered.  Mineralogy and Petrology was founded in 1872 by Gustav Tschermak as "Mineralogische und Petrographische Mittheilungen". It is one of Europe's oldest geoscience journals. Former editors include outstanding names such as Gustav Tschermak, Friedrich Becke, Felix Machatschki, Josef Zemann, and Eugen F. Stumpfl.  This Springer Journal does not charge additional submission fee for full-color illustrations of accepted articles. Submit your article today.  Abstracted/Indexed in: Current

Mineralogy and petrology

Carbonate – amphibole – clinopyroxene rocks and carbonatites from the Afrikanda complex, in the Kola Peninsula, Russia, contain a number of oxysalt minerals, including major calcite (15–95 vol.%), subordinate hydroxylapatite, ancylite-(Ce), calcio ancylite-(Ce), and minor burbankite, khanneshite, nyerereite, shortite, bradleyite, strontianite, britholite-(Ce) and barite. T hree mineral parageneses differing in the mode of occurrence of calcite are distinguished: (1) calcite – magnesiohastingsite – diops ide rock, (2) segregations of perovskite and titanite, and (3) calcite carbonatite. Cathodoluminescence studies document a complex evolutionary history of primary Sr-enriched calcite (0.6–1.4 wt.% SrO) involving late-stage resorption and replacement by a low Sr variety (<0.5 wt.% SrO). The presence of nyerereite, shortite, bradleyite, burbankite and khanneshite as solid inclusions in the early-crystallized minerals (primarily oxides and hydroxylapatite) indicates initially high activities of Na in the system. The transition from nyerereite (inclusions in magnetite) to shortite (in perovskite) signifies evolution of the carbonatite system toward Ca-enriched compositions. Crystallization of ancylite-(Ce) and calcio-ancylite-(Ce) is related to low-temperature hydrothermal processes, whereas burbankite and khanneshite probably represent primary magmatic phases. Low-temperature (200–250 °C) hydrothermal alteration accompanied by isotope-exchange processes produced variations in the oxygen isotopic composition of the Afrikanda rocks ( 18 O in the range 9.3 to 12.1‰ SMOW). Subtle variations in the isotopic composition of carbon ( 13 C in the range –2.5 to –1.7‰ PDB) suggest interaction with a meteoric-hydrothermal fluid with a low CO 2:H2O ratio. The observed high 13 C values of the calcite are consistent with heterogeneity of the mantle beneath the Kola Craton; the heterogeneity probably was due to a subduction-related source of contamination.

Calcite – amphibole – clinopyroxene rock from the afrikanda complex, kola peninsula, russia: mineralogy and a possible link to carbonatites. ii. oxysalt minerals

Listvenite–lode association at the Barramiya gold mine, Eastern Desert, Egypt

Carbonatites are nominally igneous rocks, whose evolution commonly involves also a variety of postmagmatic processes, including exsolution, subsolidus re-equilibration of igneous mineral assemblages with fluids of different provenance, hydrothermal crystallization, recrystallization and tectonic mobilization. Petrogenetic interpretation of carbonatites and assessment of their mineral potential are impossible without understanding the textural and compositional effects of both magmatic and postmagmatic processes on the principal constituents of these rocks. In the present work, we describe the major (micro)textural characteristics of carbonatitic calcite and dolomite in the context of magma evolution, fluid-rock interaction, or deformation, and provide information on the compositional variation of these minerals and its relation to specific evolutionary processes.

Calcite and dolomite in intrusive carbonatites. I. Textural variations

Carbonatites and associated rocks are the main source of rare earth elements (REEs), metals essential to modern technologies. REE mineralization occurs in hydrothermal assemblages within or near carbonatites, suggesting aqueous transport of REE. We conducted experiments from 1200°C and 1.5 GPa to 200°C and 0.2 GPa using light (La) and heavy (Dy) REE, crystallizing fluorapatite intergrown with calcite through dolomite to ankerite. All experiments contained solutions with anions previously thought to mobilize REE (chloride, fluoride, and carbonate), but REEs were extensively soluble only when alkalis were present. Dysprosium was more soluble than lanthanum when alkali complexed. Addition of silica either traps REE in early crystallizing apatite or negates solubility increases by immobilizing alkalis in silicates. Anionic species such as halogens and carbonates are not sufficient for REE mobility. Additional complexing with alkalis is required for substantial REE transport in and around carbonatites as a precursor for economic grade-mineralization.

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/6/41/eabb6570.full.pdf

Rare earth element mobility in and around carbonatites controlled by sodium, potassium, and silica

Carbonates of the magnesite-siderite series have been found and analysed in carbonatites from the Lueshe, Newania, Kangankunde, and Chipman Lake complexes. This series has been represented until now only by a few X-ray identifications of magnesite and three published analyses of siderite and breunnerite (magnesian siderite). Most of the siderite identified in carbonatites in the past has proved to be ankerite, but the new data define the complete solid-solution series from magnesite to siderite. They occur together with dolomite and ankerite and in one rock with calcite. The magnesites, ferroan magnesites and some magnesian siderites may be metasomatic/hydrothermal in origin but magnesian siderite from Chipman Lake appears to have crystallized in the two-phase calcite + siderite field in the subsolidus CaCO3-MgCO3-FeCO3 Textural evidence in Newania carbonatites indicates that ferroan magnesite, which co-exists with ankerite, is a primary liquidus phase and it is proposed that the Newania carbonatite evolved directly from a Ca-poor, Mg-rich carbonatitic liquid generated by partial melting of phlogopite-carbonate peridotite in the mantle at pressures >32 kbar.

H. A. Buckley

Papers

Carbonates of the magnesite–siderite series from four carbonatite complexes