When asked to explain the importance of the discovery of conducting polymers, I offer two basic answers: first they did not (could not?) exist, and second, that they offer a unique combination of properties not available from any other known materials. The first expresses an intellectual challenge; the second expresses a promise for utility in a wide variety of applications.

Semiconducting and Metallic Polymers: The Fourth Generation of Polymeric Materials (Nobel Lecture).

Counter-ion induced processibility of conducting polyaniline and of conducting polyblends of polyaniline in bulk polymers

Polyaniline: A historical survey

When asked to explain the importance of the discovery of conducting polymers, I offer two basic answers: First, they did not (could not?) exist; and second, that they offer a unique combination of properties not available from any other known materials. The first is an intellectual challenge; the second expresses a promise for utility in a wide variety of applications.

Semiconducting and Metallic Polymers: The Fourth Generation of Polymeric Materials

Recent advances in polyaniline research: Polymerization mechanisms, structural aspects, properties and applications

Spectroscopie comparative: spectroscopie IR, spectroscopie UV. Electrochimie comparative; proprietes magnetiques comparatives; proprietes de transport comparatives; structure electronique du PANI protone, du PPAI et B 5 Q 2

Poly-p-phenyleneamineimine: synthesis and comparison to polyaniline

From photoinduced absorption and light-induced electron-spin resonance, we demonstrate that the dominant photocarriers generated in polythiophene with excitation above the energy gap (${E}_{g}$) are charged bipolarons (spin 0). The observation of bipolarons (${B}^{2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$) rather than polarons (${P}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$) as the dominant photoexciations demonstrates that the Coulomb contribution to the bipolaron energy (${U}_{B}$) is sufficiently small that ${P}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$+${P}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${B}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2}$. From the analysis of the spectra, we find ${U}_{B}$/${E}_{g}$\ensuremath{\simeq}0.12. .AE

Photogeneration of confined soliton pairs (bipolarons) in polythiophene.

Infrared absorption and electron-spin resonance are used to study the photoexcitations of poly (thiophene). The results indicate photoproduction of both charge- and spin-carrying species.

Photoexcitations in poly (thiophene): Photoinduced infrared absorption and photoinduced electron-spin resonance

Polyaniline is poly-para-phenyleneamineimine: proof of structure by synthesis

: We report the observation of photoinduced infrared absorption due to the recently predicted localized phonons in trans-(CH)x and its deuterated analog (CD)x. The infrared activity results from coupling of the three lattice degrees of freedom to a soliton shape-modulation mode involving nonuniform translation of the soliton. Our results agree with the energies and weak oscillator strengths predicted for these new modes and for the related absorptions which result from coupling to the uniform translation of the soliton. This agreement provides confirmation of the accuracy and applicability of the electron-phonon model in describing the nonlinear soliton excitation in polyacetylene.

H. Schaffer

Papers

Poly-p-phenyleneamineimine: synthesis and comparison to polyaniline

Photogeneration of confined soliton pairs (bipolarons) in polythiophene.

Photoexcitations in poly (thiophene): Photoinduced infrared absorption and photoinduced electron-spin resonance

Polyaniline is poly-para-phenyleneamineimine: proof of structure by synthesis

Localized phonons associated with solitons in polyacetylene: Coupling to the nonuniform mode.