Freedom of design, mass customisation, waste minimisation and the ability to manufacture complex structures, as well as fast prototyping, are the main benefits of additive manufacturing (AM) or 3D printing. A comprehensive review of the main 3D printing methods, materials and their development in trending applications was carried out. In particular, the revolutionary applications of AM in biomedical, aerospace, buildings and protective structures were discussed. The current state of materials development, including metal alloys, polymer composites, ceramics and concrete, was presented. In addition, this paper discussed the main processing challenges with void formation, anisotropic behaviour, the limitation of computer design and layer-by-layer appearance. Overall, this paper gives an overview of 3D printing, including a survey on its benefits and drawbacks as a benchmark for future research and development.

Additive manufacturing (3D printing): A review of materials, methods, applications and challenges

基礎講座 電気泳動(Electrophoresis)

Sensitive optical biosensors for unlabeled targets: a review.

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Numerical Heat Transfer And Fluid Flow

Welding Metallurgy of

This article investigates the use of femtosecond laser induced surface morphology on silicon wafer surface in water confinement. Unlike irradiation of silicon surfaces in the air, there are no laser induced periodic structures, but irregular roughness is formed when the silicon wafer is ablated under water. The unique discovery of a smoothly processed silicon surface in water confinement under certain laser parameter combinations may help improve laser direct micromachining surface quality in industrial applications.© 2008 ASME

Femtosecond Laser-Induced Silicon Surface Morphology in Water

This paper summarizes our recent research progresses in developing optical fiber harsh environment sensors for monitoring the operating conditions of a coal-fired power plant and in-situ detection of key gas components in coal-derived syngas. The sensors described in this paper include a miniaturized inline fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) fabricated by one-step fs laser micromachining, a long period fiber grating (LPFG) and a fiber inline core-cladding mode interferometer (CMMI) fabricated by controlled CO 2 laser irradiations. Their operating principles, fabrication methods, and applications for measurement of various physical and chemical parameters in a high temperature and high pressure coexisting harsh environment are presented.

Optical Fiber Sensors for Harsh Environment Monitoring

In gas metal arc welding (GMAW), current is one of the most important factors affecting the mode of metal transfer and subsequently the weld quality. Recently, a new technology using pulsed currents has been employed to achieve the one droplet per pulse (ODPP) metal transfer mode with the advantages of low average currents, a stable and controllable droplet generation, and reduced spatter. In this paper, the comprehensive model recently developed by the authors was used to study the influences of different current profiles on the droplet formation, metal transfer, and weld pool dynamics in GMA, welding. Five types of welding currents were studied, including two constant currents and three waveform currents. In each type, the transient temperature and velocity distributions of the arc plasma and the molten metal, and the shapes of the droplet and the weld pool were calculated. The results showed that a higher electromagnetic force was generated at a higher current and becomes the dominant factor that detaches the droplet from the electrode tip. A smaller droplet size and a higher droplet frequency were obtained for a higher current. The model has demonstrated that a stable ODPP metal transfer mode can be achieved by choosing a current with proper waveform for given welding conditions.Copyright © 2006 by ASME

Effects of Welding Current on Metal Transfer and Weld Pool Dynamics in Gas Metal Arc Welding

Mechanical Properties of 304L Metal Parts Made by Laser-Foil-Printing Process

A unified comprehensive model was developed to simulate the transport phenomena occurring during the gas metal arc welding process. An interactive coupling between arc plasma; melting of a continuously fed electrode; droplet formation, detachment, transfer, and impingement onto the workpiece under the influences of several competing forces including gravity, electromagnetic force, arc pressure, plasma shear stress, and surface tension; and weld pool dynamics all were considered. The transient distributions of current density, arc temperature, arc pressure, melt flow velocity and melt temperature in the droplet and in the weld pool were all calculated. Based on the unified model, the following investigations were conducted: 1) the effect of welding current on droplet generation, especially the use of pulsed current to achieve the one-droplet-per-pulse (ODPP) metal transfer; 2) the determination of dynamically stabled wire feed speeds for given welding conditions; 3) the effects of surface active elements (Marangoni effect) on the weld pool flow and solidified weld profile; 4) the fundamental mechanisms leading to the formation of ripples; 5) the issues associated with the beginning and the end of the welding (limited penetration and the formations of crater); 6) the deflection of arc plasma by an external magnetic field.

Hai-Lung Tsai

Papers

Femtosecond Laser-Induced Silicon Surface Morphology in Water

Optical Fiber Sensors for Harsh Environment Monitoring

Effects of Welding Current on Metal Transfer and Weld Pool Dynamics in Gas Metal Arc Welding

Mechanical Properties of 304L Metal Parts Made by Laser-Foil-Printing Process

A Comprehensive 3-D Model on Gas Metal Arc Welding