Haiping Zhu

TL;DR: This paper reviews the work in this area with special reference to the discrete element method and associated theoretical developments, and covers three important aspects: models for the calculation of the particle–particle and particle–fluid interaction forces, coupling of discrete elements method with computational fluid dynamics to describe particle-fluid flow, and the theories for linking discrete to continuum modelling.

TL;DR: Zhu et al. as discussed by the authors provided a summary of the studies based on discrete particle simulation in the past two decades or so, with emphasis on the microdynamics including packing/flow structure and particle-particle, particle-fluid and particle wall interaction forces.

TL;DR: An averaging method to link discrete to continuum variables of granular materials has advantages of being applicable to all flow regimes, and to granular flows with or without the effect of physical boundaries.

TL;DR: In this paper, a series of discrete particle simulations of slightly polydispersed spheres from quasi-static to intermediate flow regimes was performed to quantitatively investigate the mechanical and rheological properties of solid flow in a shear cell under conditions relevant to those in an annular cell.

TL;DR: In this article, a numerical study of solid flow in a model blast furnace under simplified conditions by means of discrete particle simulation (DPS) is presented, and the applicability of the proposed DPS approach is validated from its good agreement with the experimental results in terms of the solid flow patterns.