National Institute of Standards and Technology における超伝導研究及び生活

Wireless charging is a technology of transmitting power through an air gap to electrical devices for the purpose of energy replenishment. The recent progress in wireless charging techniques and development of commercial products have provided a promising alternative way to address the energy bottleneck of conventionally portable battery-powered devices. However, the incorporation of wireless charging into the existing wireless communication systems also brings along a series of challenging issues with regard to implementation, scheduling, and power management. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of wireless charging techniques, the developments in technical standards, and their recent advances in network applications. In particular, with regard to network applications, we review the static charger scheduling strategies, mobile charger dispatch strategies and wireless charger deployment strategies. Additionally, we discuss open issues and challenges in implementing wireless charging technologies. Finally, we envision some practical future network applications of wireless charging.

Wireless Charging Technologies: Fundamentals, Standards, and Network Applications

Neural implants have emerged over the last decade as highly effective solutions for the treatment of dysfunctions and disorders of the nervous system. These implants establish a direct, often bidirectional, interface to the nervous system, both sensing neural signals and providing therapeutic treatments. As a result of the technological progress and successful clinical demonstrations, completely implantable solutions have become a reality and are now commercially available for the treatment of various functional disorders. Central to this development is the wireless power transfer (WPT) that has enabled implantable medical devices (IMDs) to function for extended durations in mobile subjects. In this review, we present the theory, link design, and challenges, along with their probable solutions for the traditional near-field resonant inductively coupled WPT, capacitively coupled short-ranged WPT, and more recently developed ultrasonic, mid-field, and far-field coupled WPT technologies for implantable applications. A comparison of various power transfer methods based on their power budgets and WPT range follows. Power requirements of specific implants like cochlear, retinal, cortical, and peripheral are also considered and currently available IMD solutions are discussed. Patient's safety concerns with respect to electrical, biological, physical, electromagnetic interference, and cyber security from an implanted neurotech device are also explored in this review. Finally, we discuss and anticipate future developments that will enhance the capabilities of current-day wirelessly powered implants and make them more efficient and integrable with other electronic components in IMDs.

Wireless Power Transfer Strategies for Implantable Bioelectronics

A complex infrastructure is usually a reality in a virtual enterprise. For these enterprises to operate well they would need notions of workflows, global and local business processes, Service Level Agreements, and business transactions. Web Service Standards such as SOAP, WSDL, and BPEL4WS make virtual enterprise increasingly practical, speeding up the flow of business and reducing costs. These web services have to be interfaced with the internal business processes. The interchange of service results in the interaction of existing business processes and results in new distributed processes.

技術解説 IEEE Internet Computing

http://lightweightcryptography.com/wp-content/papercite-data/pdf/j37camarapt2015.pdf

Security and privacy issues in implantable medical devices

Implantable biomedical sensors and actuators are highly desired in modern medicine. In many cases, the implant's electrical power source profoundly determines its overall size and performance. The inductively coupled coil pair operating at the radio-frequency (RF) has been the primary method for wirelessly delivering electrical power to implants for the last three decades. Recent designs significantly improve the power delivery efficiency by optimizing the operating frequency, coil size and coil distance. However, RF radiation hazard and tissue absorption are the concerns in the RF wireless power transfer technology (RF-WPTT) [4], [5]. Also, it requires an accurate impedance matching network that is sensitive to operating environments between the receiving coil and the load for efficient power delivery. In this paper, a novel low-frequency wireless power transfer technology (LF-WPTT) using rotating rare-earth permanent magnets is demonstrated. The LF-WPTT is able to deliver 2.967 W power at ~ 180 Hz to an 117.1 Ω resistor over 1 cm distance with 50% overall efficiency. Because of the low operating frequency, RF radiation hazard and tissue absorption are largely avoided, and the power delivery efficiency from the receiving coil to the load is independent of the operating environment. Also, there is little power loss observed in the LF-WPTT when the receiving coil is enclosed by non-magnetic implant-grade stainless steel.

A Low-Frequency Versatile Wireless Power Transfer Technology for Biomedical Implants

The Internet of Things (IoT) means learning and interacting with millions of things including services, sensors, actuators, and many other objects on the Internet. This project enhances on how far IoT can connect devices on different platforms. This will effortlessly help humans in various fields like Home automation, networking, data monitoring and others. The evolution of human-machine user interface has drastically changed over the years. The path of advancement has been through keyboard, mouse, touch and now it is Voice. This new user interface can be achieved by Alexa Voice Service. Currently, we have very few devices that can be controlled using Alexa. Some of the examples are Philips Hue, WeMo, and Wink. But these are limited to certain hardware. The initial installation and maintenance is expensive. The proposed system connects and controls most of the IoT devices connected to it using Voice. As the number of devices on the cloud increase, there is need for updating firmware more frequently. This is tedious. It involves taking out the installed devices, changing the code and flashing it again. To overcome these, processing of data and response can be done elsewhere. Node-Red, a visual wiring tool helps in connecting devices with ease resulting in effortless and rapid connection setups.

Internet of Things using Node-Red and alexa

This paper discusses the concept of a smart wearable device for little children. The major advantage of this wearable over other wearable is that it can be used in any cellphone and doesn't necessarily require an expensive smartphone and not a very tech savvy individual to operate. The purpose of this device is to help parents locate their children with ease. At the moment there are many wearables in the market which help track the daily activity of children and also help find the child using Wi-Fi and Bluetooth services present on the device. But Wi-Fi and Bluetooth appear to be an unreliable medium of communication between the parent and child. Therefore, the focus of this paper is to have an SMS text enabled communication medium between the child's wearable and the parent as the environment for GSM mobile communication is almost present everywhere. The parent can send a text with specific keywords such as “LOCATION” “TEMPERATURE” “UV” “SOS” “BUZZ”, etc., the wearable device will reply back with a text containing the real time accurate location of the child which upon tapping will provide directions to the child's location on google maps app and will also provide the surrounding temperature, UV radiation index so that the parents can keep track if the temperature or UV radiation is not suitable for the child. The prime motivation behind this paper is that we know how important technology is in our lives but it can sometimes can't be trusted, and we always need to have a secondary measure at hand. The secondary measure used in this project is the people present in the surrounding of the child who could instantly react for the child's safety till the parents arrive or they could contact the parents and help locate them. The secondary measure implemented was using a bright SOS Light and distress alarm buzzer present on the wearable device which when activated by the parents via SMS text should display the SOS signal brightly and sound an alarm which a bystander can easily spot as a sign of distress. Hence this paper aims at providing parents with a sense of security for their child in today's time.

Child safety wearable device

In this paper, a real-time crowd sensing based air quality monitoring system is presented. The proposed system uses low cost and low power devices with gas sensors to capture the air quality index from the atmosphere. Raw sensor data collected from the gas sensors sent to the cloud using an android application. In cloud, the data is stored and processed. The processed data is visualized in real time on a map using an opensource geospatial data visualization framework such as Leaflet using R programming.

Real Time Air Quality Monitoring

The main challenges in formulating efficient Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are the fast mobility of vehicular nodes and hence, the high dynamicity of the network. VANETs present unique characteristics and hence, most MAC protocols for Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANETs) might not be appropriate for VANETs. Research in the field of MAC protocols for VANETs has led to several novel ideas being proposed. This article reviews MAC protocols adaptable for VANETs and compares most recently proposed novel MAC protocols, which consider the 5.9 GHz or Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) band. We attempt to demonstrate how three such proposed VANET MAC protocols have the potential to be combined to realize a MAC protocol that addresses the major requirements of VANETs, namely: efficient use of spectrum, minimization of packet delay, as well as authentication, security and prioritized delivery of safety messages.

Hamid Shahnasser

Papers

A Low-Frequency Versatile Wireless Power Transfer Technology for Biomedical Implants

Internet of Things using Node-Red and alexa

Child safety wearable device

Real Time Air Quality Monitoring

Analysis of DSRC based MAC protocols for VANETs