Introduction Information on disability is an important component of health information, as it shows how well an individual is able to function in general areas of life Along with traditional indicators of a population's health status, such as mortality and morbidity rates, disability has become important in measuring disease burden, in evaluating the effectiveness of health interventions and in planning health policy Defining and measuring disability, however, has been challenging The World Health Organization (WHO) has tried to address the problem by establishing an international classification scheme known as the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) (1) Nevertheless, all standard instruments for measuring disability and health need to be linked conceptually and operationally to the ICF to allow comparisons across different cultures and populations To address this need for a standardized cross-cultural measurement of health status and in response to calls for improving the scope and cultural adaptability of the original World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), (2-9) WHO developed a second version (WHODAS 20) as a general measure of functioning and disability in major life domains This paper reports on the development strategy and the metric properties of the WHODAS 20 Conceptual framework for WHODAS 20 The WHODAS 20 is grounded in the conceptual framework of the ICF and captures an individual's level of functioning in six major life domains: (i) cognition (understanding and communication); (ii) mobility (ability to move and get around); (iii) self-care (ability to attend to personal hygiene, dressing and eating, and to live alone); (iv) getting along (ability to interact with other people); (v) life activities (ability to carry out responsibilities at home, work and school); (vi) participation in society (ability to engage in community, civil and recreational activities) All domains were developed from a comprehensive set of ICF items and made to correspond directly with ICF's "activity and participation" dimension (Table 1), which is applicable to any health condition For all six domains, the WHODAS 20 provides a profile and a summary measure of functioning and disability that is reliable and applicable across cultures in adult populations The WHODAS 20 is used for many purposes It can be used for conducting population surveys, (10-15) for registers (16) and for monitoring individual patient outcomes in clinical practice and in clinical trials of treatment effects (17-27) Methods The WHODAS 20 was constructed through a process involving extensive review and field-testing, as described in the following sections Existing measures In preparation for the development of the WHODAS 20, we conducted a review of existing measurement instruments and of the literature on the conceptual aspects and measurement of functioning and disability The instruments we chose included various measures of disability, handicap, quality of life and other aspects of health, such as the ability to perform the activities of daily living (including instrumental ones), as well as global and specific measures of well-being (including subjective well-being) (28,29) We compiled information from more than 300 instruments in a database showing a common pool of items, along with the origin and known psychometric properties of each instrument An Instrument Development Task Force composed of international experts reviewed the database and pooled the items in it using the ICF as the common framework Research study and field testing Since the WHODAS 20 was developed primarily to allow cross-cultural comparisons, it was based on an extensive cross-cultural study spanning 19 countries around the world (30) The items included in the WHODAS 20 were selected after exploring how health status is assessed in different cultures through a process that involved linguistic analysis of health-related terms, interviews with key informants and focus group discussions, as well as qualitative methods (e …

Developing the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0/developpement De L'outil Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 De l'OMS/Evolucion del Programa De Evaluacion De la Discapacidad 2.0 De la Organizacion Mundial De la Salud

Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index

The introduction of robotics has revolutionized surgery. Robotic platforms have also recently been introduced in clinical practice specifically for flexible ureteroscopy. In this paper, we look at the robotic platforms currently available for flexible ureteroscopy, describing their advantages and limitations. The following robotic platforms are discussed: Roboflex Avicenna®, EasyUretero®, and ILY® robot. Finally, potential future advancements in this field are presented.

/pdf/robotic-retrograde-intrarenal-surgery-a-journey-from-back-to-2nj9j4lb.pdf

Robotic Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery: A Journey from “Back to the Future”

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euros.2022.10.011

The Metaverse in Urology: Ready for Prime Time. The ESUT, ERUS, EULIS, and ESU Perspective

Abstract Background and aims Remote endoscopy can improve diagnostic efficiency of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases for patients in remote areas. A novel remote magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) system based on a 5G network was developed for real‐time remote GI examinations. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the 5G‐based remote MCE for examination of the stomach and small bowel. Methods This was a prospective, nonrandomized, comparative study. Consecutive participants enrolled in the First People's Hospital of Yinchuan underwent remote MCE examinations performed by an endoscopist located in Changhai Hospital. Consecutive participants enrolled in Changhai Hospital underwent conventional MCE examinations performed by the same endoscopist. The main outcomes included the complete visualization rate of the stomach and small bowel, safety assessment and network latency time of remote MCE examinations. Results From March 2021 to June 2021, 20 participants in each group were enrolled. The complete visualization rate of the stomach and small bowel was 100% in both groups (p > 0.999) without any adverse event. The median network latency time of remote MCE group was 19.948 ms. Gastric examination time (8.96 vs. 8.92 min, p = 0.234), maneuverability (15.00 vs. 15.00, p = 0.317), image quality (1.00 vs. 1.00, p > 0.999) and diagnostic yields in the stomach and small bowel (55% vs. 30%, 5% vs. 0%, both p > 0.05) were comparable between remote and conventional MCE groups. All participants in remote MCE group considered remote MCE acceptable and necessary. Conclusions 5G‐based remote MCE was a feasible and safe method for viewing the stomach and small bowel.

5G‐based remote magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy for examination of the stomach and small bowel

Application of Improved Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Telesurgery with 5G Technology in Urology.

Several questionnaires have been used to assess the health status of patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in clinical trials, but the evidence regarding the responsiveness of these instruments in KBD patients is limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the responsiveness of the Chinese version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) and 12-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) in KBD patients undergoing intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (HA). A sample of 232 KBD patients treated with intra-articular injection of HA completed the WOMAC, 12-item WHODAS 2.0 and joint dysfunction index (JDI) both pre- and post-treatment. Responsiveness was assessed using correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses following the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. Overall, there were significant improvements in the mean scores on the WOMAC and on the 12-item WHODAS 2.0, except for in the cognition domain. Correlation analysis showed that changes in the WOMAC and 12-item WHODAS 2.0 scores had moderate or weak positive associations with the changes in the JDI. However, acceptable areas under the ROC curve (value > 0.7) were found for all domains and for the total score on the WOMAC, but only for the mobility domain and the total score on the 12-item WHODAS 2.0. These results demonstrated that the WOMAC was more responsive than the 12-item WHODAS 2.0 in KBD patients treated with intra-articular injection of HA. Our findings support the continued use of the WOMAC as an outcome measure in assessing disability in KBD patients.

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Comparison of the responsiveness of the WOMAC and the 12-item WHODAS 2.0 in patients with Kashin-Beck disease.

The fifth generation of mobile communication technology (5G technology) features large system capacity, fast data transmission rate, support for large-scale device connection, low latency, and high reliability. With the development and popularization of 5G technology, it is also widely used in medicine. In recent years, 5G telesurgery has been paid attention to and made continuous progress, and the research related to its combination with urology has also made significant achievements. We collect the combination of 5G technology and urology improves the uneven distribution of medical resources, provides timely, high-quality remote surgical interventions for urology patients, reduces the financial burden on patients, surgical complications, and the difficulty of accessing medical care from a distance, and brings new opportunities for medical development. 

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/uro2.15

Hangjing Yuan

Papers

Application of Improved Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Telesurgery with 5G Technology in Urology.

Comparison of the responsiveness of the WOMAC and the 12-item WHODAS 2.0 in patients with Kashin-Beck disease.

Application of 5G telesurgery in urology