Apparatus and techniques to address problems associated with lead migration, patient movement or position, histological changes, neural plasticity or disease progression. Disclosed are techniques for implanting a lead having therapy delivery elements, such as electrodes or drug delivery ports, within a vertebral or cranial bone so as to maintain these elements in a fixed position relative to a desired treatment site. The therapy delivery elements may thereafter be adjusted in situ with a position control mechanism and/or a position controller to improve the desired treatment, such as electrical stimulation and/or drug infusion to a precise target. The therapy delivery elements may be positioned laterally in any direction relative to the targeted treatment site or toward or away from the targeted treatment site. A control system maybe provided for open- or closed-loop feedback control of the position of the therapy delivery elements as well as other aspects of the treatment therapy.

Techniques for positioning therapy delivery elements within a spinal cord or brain

A protection circuit for use with a charger and a chargeable element, such as a rechargeable lithium ion battery, comprises a shunt regulator having a threshold ON voltage coupled in parallel across the chargeable element, and a temperature-dependent resistor, e.g., a positive temperature coefficient device, coupled in series between the charger and the chargeable element. The temperature dependent resistor is thermally and electrically coupled to the shunt regulator, wherein the first variable resistor limits current flowing through the shunt regulator if the current reaches a predetermined level less than that which would cause failure of the regulator, due to ohmic heating of the regulator.

Devices and methods for protection of rechargeable elements

A gateway for communicating telecommunication information between a telecommunication network and customer premises equipment, includes a telecommunication interface, a management module, compression modules, and packetization modules The telecommunication interface receives telecommunication information from the telecommunication network for communication to the customer premises equipment The management module determines a bandwidth available to communicate the telecommunication information to the customer premises equipment and selects a compression algorithm according to the available bandwidth The compression modules compress the telecommunication information using the selected compression altorithm, and the packetization modules generate data packets for communicating the telecommunication information

System and method for selecting a compression algorithm according to an available bandwidth

Area efficient static memory cells and arrays containing p-n-p-n or n-p-n-p transistors which can be latched-up in a bistable on state. Each transistor memory cell includes a gate which is pulse biased during the write operation to latch-up the cell. Also provided are linked memory cells in which the transistors share common regions.

High density planar SRAM cell using bipolar latch-up and gated diode breakdown

A method of performing a negotiation session on a modem connection. The method includes receiving a plurality of negotiation signals from the source modem, by a first gateway, forwarding at least some of the received negotiation signals from the first gateway to a second gateway, over a packet based network, receiving, by the first gateway, responses to the forwarded negotiation signals from the second gateway, forwarding the responses from the second gateway to the source modem, by the first gateway, and transmitting from the first gateway to the source modem, response signals to at least some of the received negotiation signals, without receiving a response to the at least some of the signals from the second gateway.

Modem relay over packet based network

The invention describes a protective circuit for the protection of the electronic interconnect circuit (SLIC) and the electronic switches for test access, by means of a threshold setting element which is provided for each conductor (a,b) of a core pair for the shunting of overvoltages to ground, as well as a current path of higher breakover voltage for each conductor of the core pair, which permits checking the subscriber line circuit for line interruption during a malfunction of the threshold setting element.

Protective circuit for the overvoltage protection of a subscriber line interconnect circuit

A digital interface of an integrated subscriber line interface circuit is provided. The interface serves for the connection of a signal processor unit. Individual connections are used as signal inputs in signal entry operation of the interface, and as signal outputs in signal transmission operation. Other connections are used as signal inputs in both operating mode, but receive different signals in each operating mode. One group of connections includes two registers with respective associated decoders to enable switching from one to the other, so that the number of operating instructions that can be represented by means of binary signal value combinations applied to the connections is doubled.

Digital interface of an integrated subscriber line interface circuit

The protection module consists of a PTC thermistor (PTC) which is inserted into a wire on a subscriber line as a series element, and of a thyristor diode (TY) which is connected between the wire and earth as a parallel element. These two elements are closely thermally coupled to one another. If unacceptable overvoltages occur in the subscriber line, a current flows through the thyristor diode (TY) which is thus heated and heats the PTC thermistor (PTC). In consequence its resistance increases, as a result of which the overvoltage is limited. Since the protection module is not damaged, there is no need to replace damaged components.

Protection module for telecommunications installations

Given the prerequisite of a division of a subscriber line circuit into a high-voltage portion and a signal processor that defines the transmission-oriented properties, voltages arising at significant locations of the receiving branch and of the transmitting branch of the signal processor as a result of supplied and reflected sine signals are taken via a digital interface and specific transmission properties such as reflection attenuation and hybrid transfer attenuation are calculated therefrom on the basis of a correlation.

Method for checking transmission properties of a subscriber line circuit

In transmissions via analog subscriber lines (TLa, TLb), data undergoes a processing that differs from the processing used for normal modem links or for transmitted analog voice signals, namely an A/D conversion at higher scanning rates and with a coding according to a linear characteristic curve.

Hans-Werner Rudolf

Papers

Protective circuit for the overvoltage protection of a subscriber line interconnect circuit

Digital interface of an integrated subscriber line interface circuit

Protection module for telecommunications installations

Method for checking transmission properties of a subscriber line circuit

Method for processing telephone signals delivered by an analog telephone terminal and data delivered by a data terminal