Hao Liu

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the recent progress in flapping wing aerodynamics and aeroelasticity is presented, where it is realized that a variation of the Reynolds number (wing sizing, flapping frequency, etc.) leads to a change in the leading edge vortex (LEV) and spanwise flow structures, which impacts the aerodynamic force generation.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce fixed, rigid, flexible, and flapping wing aerodynamic models for fixed and flexible wing aerodynamics, and propose a flexible wing model for flapping aerodynamics.

TL;DR: This CFD analysis has established an overall understanding of the viscous and unsteady flow around the flapping wing and of the time course of instantaneous force production, which reveals that hovering flight is dominated by the unsteadY aerodynamics of both the instantaneous dynamics and also the past history of the wing.

TL;DR: In this article, a numerical modeling of insect flight is addressed by using a time accurate solution of the three-dimensional, incompressible, laminar Navier?Stokes equations.

TL;DR: This CFD study integrates near- and far-field wake dynamics and shows the detailed three-dimensional near-and-far-field vortex flows: a horseshoe-shaped vortex is generated and wraps around the wing in the early down- and upstroke, with an intense jet-stream present in its core, forming the downwash.