Overview of current development in electrical energy storage technologies and the application potential in power system operation

The increase in energy demand and reduction in resources for conventional energy production along with various environmental impacts, promote the use of renewable energy for electricity generation and other energy-need applications around the world. Wind power has emerged as the biggest renewable energy source in the world, whose potential, when employed properly, serves to provide the best power output. In order to achieve self-sustenance in energy supply and to match the critical needs of impoverished and developing regions, wind power has proven to be the best solution. However, wind power is intermittent and unstable in nature and hence creates lot of grid integration and power fluctuation issues, which ultimately disturb the stability of the grid. In such cases, energy storage technologies are highly essential and researchers turned their attention to find efficient ways of storing energy to achieve maximum utilization. The use of batteries to store wind energy is very expensive and not practical for wind applications. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) is found to be a viable solution to store energy generated from wind and other renewable energy systems. A detailed review on various aspects of a CAES system has been made and presented in this paper which includes the thermodynamic analysis, modeling and simulation analysis, experimental investigation, various control strategies, some case studies and economic evaluation with the role of energy storage towards smart grid and poly-generation.

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A review on compressed air energy storage – A pathway for smart grid and polygeneration

In this paper we propose two modeling procedures for wind speed simulation. These procedures could be implemented on the structure of a wind turbine simulator during studies concerning stand-alone or hybrid wind systems. The evolution of a horizontal wind speed has been synthesized taking into account two components. The medium- and long-term component is described by a power spectrum associated to a specific site. The turbulence component is assumed to be dependent on the medium- and long-term wind speed evolution. It is considered as a nonstationary process. Two simulation methods for this component, using rational and nonrational filters are proposed. In both procedures, the turbulence model is defined by two parameters, which are either obtained experimentally, or adopted a priori, according to information from the considered site. Numerical results and implementation aspects are also discussed.

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/8949/28458/01270996.pdf

Large band simulation of the wind speed for real time wind turbine simulators

Overview of wind power intermittency: Impacts, measurements, and mitigation solutions

A review of mechanical energy storage systems combined with wind and solar applications

https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/427171.pdf

Feasibility study of a hybrid wind turbine system – Integration with compressed air energy storage

Although pneumatic actuators have been widely used in industry and other application areas, its weakness in low-energy efficiency is well known. Aiming for energy efficiency improvement, this paper presents a new hybrid pneumatic system that will recover energy from the exhaust compressed air through a scroll expander. The scroll expander drives a generator to convert the exhaust compressed air energy to electrical energy; thus, the proposed system is entitled “pneumatic-electrical” system. A closed-loop coordinate control strategy is engaged and proven to be essential in maintaining proper actuator operation status, while the scroll expander is connected in. The overall system mathematical model is derived and simulation results are presented in this paper. A test rig is set up to verify the feasibility of the proposed system structure. Both simulation and test results indicate that the proposed scheme is realistic and work well.

Study of a New Strategy for Pneumatic Actuator System Energy Efficiency Improvement via the Scroll Expander Technology

Electrical power generation from wind energy has been recognized as one of major realistic energy sources in CO 2 emission reduction worldwide. However, matching power generation with the load demand remains a great challenge, due to the nature of wind energy intermittency. The paper addresses this issue by developing a new system with the structure of a hybrid connection of the wind turbine and compressed air energy storage. A scroll air motor is adopted to serve as an “air-electricity transformer” to compensate the power output during the period of low wind speed. The paper reports our study in developing a suitable management and control strategy for this hybrid system. The mathematical model for the whole hybrid system is derived in the paper. To achieve steady power output, a multi-mode process control strategy is proposed combined with fuzzy logical pitch control and PI air pressure control. The simulation study has demonstrated that the proposed new hybrid wind turbine system is feasible and has potential for industrial applications.

http://www.nt.ntnu.no/users/skoge/prost/proceedings/cdc-ecc-2011/data/papers/1535.pdf

Management and control strategy study for a new hybrid wind turbine system

Pneumatic actuators are widely used in industry and many other applications, whereas low energy efficiency has been recognized as a critical drawback compared with corresponding hydraulic and electrical actuators. The paper presents a new hybrid pneumatic-electrical system aiming at energy efficiency improvement by recovering exhaust air energy from pneumatic actuator outlets to generate electricity. A closed-loop control strategy is proved to be essential to ensure the exhaust energy recovery work properly and to maintain existed actuator operations simultaneously. The whole system mathematical model and the simulation results are presented in the paper. The laboratory test results are also given. The simulation and experimental study demonstrate that the designed system with the proposed control strategy can operate at the relative higher energy efficiency state for the specified working conditions.

/pdf/an-energy-efficient-pneumatic-electrical-system-and-control-3gzpm204di.pdf

An energy efficient pneumatic-electrical system and control strategy development

In comparison to hydraulic and electrical actuators, the significant drawback of pneumatic actuators is low energy conversion ability which is due to the open-circuit structure in nature. This paper represents a hybrid pneumatic-electrical system for the purpose of recycling exhaust compressed air energy from existing pneumatic actuator outlets to generate electricity. A proper control strategy is developed to manage the actuator system operation and to ensure the energy recovery work well. The pneumatic- electrical system mathematical model and the simulation results are presented. The laboratory experimental tests are described. The system energy efficiency is also analyzed. The simulated and experimental studies demonstrate that the whole system operated by the designed controller can successfully recover exhaust compressed air energy under appropriate working conditions.

Hao Sun

Papers

Feasibility study of a hybrid wind turbine system – Integration with compressed air energy storage

Study of a New Strategy for Pneumatic Actuator System Energy Efficiency Improvement via the Scroll Expander Technology

Management and control strategy study for a new hybrid wind turbine system

An energy efficient pneumatic-electrical system and control strategy development

Study of a Pneumatic-electrical System for Exhaust Air Energy Recovery